Diferenças entre edições de "Mormonismo e sacerdócio/A restauração/Melquisedeque/Data"

Revisão das 17h13min de 24 de agosto de 2014 (ver código-fonte) RogerNicholson (Discussão | contribs) (m)		Edição atual desde as 21h05min de 28 de junho de 2017 (ver código-fonte) FairMormonBot (Discussão | contribs) m (Robô: Substituição de texto automática (-{{FairMormon}}\n{{título do recurso\|(.*)}} +{{FairMormon}}\n<onlyinclude>\n{{H2\n|L={{check}}\n|H=\1\n|S=\n|L1=\n}}))
(Há 33 revisões intermédias de 4 utilizadores que não estão a ser apresentadas)
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−	{{artigos FairMormon direitos autorais}}	+	{{FairMormon}}
−	{{título do recurso|Data da restauração do sacerdócio de Melquisedeque}}
−	{{translate}}
	<onlyinclude>		<onlyinclude>
−	{{epígrafe|About Two weeks since some persons came along here with the book, one of whom pretends to have seen Angels, and assisted in translating the plates. He proclaims the destruction upon the world within a few years,--holds forth that the ordinances of the gospel, have not been regularly administered since the days of the Apostles, till the said Smith and himself commenced the work . . . . The name of the person here, who pretends to have a divine mission, and to have seen and conversed with Angels, is Cowdray.”<br><br>&mdash;{{Periodical:Painesville Telegraph:16.nov.1830}}	+	{{H2
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		+	|H=Data da restauração do Sacerdócio de Melquisedeque
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	}}		}}
−	{{parabreak}}
−	{{epígrafe|They then proclaimed that there had been no religion in the world for 1500 years,--that no one had been authorized to preach &c. for that period—that Jo Smith had now received a commission from God for that purpose . . . . Smith (they affirmed) had seen God frequently and personally—Cowdery and his friends had frequent interviews with angels.<br><br>&mdash;''The Palmyra Reflector'', February 14, 1831.
−	}}
−	{{parabreak}}
−	== ==
−	{{etiqueta pergunta}}
−	Historical documents do not give an exact date for the restoration of the Melchizedek priesthood.	+	<onlyinclude>
−	*The ''Letter to a CES Director'' claims that "Although the priesthood is now taught to have been restored in 1829, Joseph and Oliver made no such claim until 1834." <ref>Jeremy Runnells, ''Letter to a CES Director''. <nowiki>www.cesletter.com</nowiki></ref>	+	{{:Pergunta: O que críticas são estendeu sobre a restauração do Sacerdócio de Melquisedeque?}}
−	*Was the restoration of the priesthood was "back dated" later by Joseph Smith to justify a desire to dominate the Church?	+	{{:Pergunta: De que maneira foi restaurado o Sacerdócio Aarônico?}}
−	*Does anyone know "when or how" Joseph Smith received the Melchizedek priesthood?	+	{{:Pergunta: De que maneira foi o sacerdócio de Melquisedeque restaurado?}}
−	*Why did several years pass before Oliver talked about the priesthood restoration?	+	{{:Pergunta: Qual é a data da restauração do Sacerdócio de Melquisedeque?}}
		+	{{:Pergunta: Onde foi o sacerdócio de Melquisedeque restaurado?}}
		+	{{:Pergunta: Por que se passaram vários anos antes de Oliver falar sobre a restauração do sacerdócio?}}
		+	{{:Fonte:Painesville Telegraph:7 dezembro 1830:Cowdry afirma ... por esta autoridade, eles proclamar ao mundo}}
		+	{{:Fonte:Painesville Telegraph:16 Nov 1830:Cowdery finge ter uma missão divina e conversou com anjos}}
		+	{{:Fonte:The Palmyra Reflector:14 Feb 1831:Cowdery e seus amigos tinham entrevistas frequentes com anjos}}
		+	{{:Fonte:Reverend Richmond Taggart:2 março 1833:Joe Smith...tinha visto Jesus Cristo e os Apóstolos e conversou com eles}}
−	== ==
−	{{etiqueta conclusão}}
−	When all the circumstantial evidence is studied, the approximate time of the Melchizedek priesthood' restoration can be plausibly narrowed down.  Although the exact date is not known, the window that is known is small enough to preclude a later fabrication of events by the Prophet to "increase his authority."	+	</onlyinclude>
−		+	{{notas}}
−	== ==
−	{{InterpreterBar
−	|link=http://www.mormoninterpreter.com/eye-of-the-beholder-law-of-the-harvest-observations-on-the-inevitable-consequences-of-the-different-investigative-approaches-of-jeremy-runnells-and-jeff-lindsay
−	|título=Eye of the Beholder, Law of the Harvest: Observations on the Inevitable Consequences of the Different Investigative Approaches of Jeremy Runnells and Jeff Lindsay
−	|autor=Kevin Christensen
−	|autorlink=http://www.mormoninterpreter.com/author/kevinc/
−	|vol=10
−	|data=2014
−	|início=175
−	|fim=238
−	|resumo=In his original Letter, Runnells says, “Although the priesthood is now taught to have been restored in 1829, Joseph and Oliver made no such claim until 1834.” He uncritically repeats Palmer’s claims about an 1834 date and leaves this crucially important information from 1832 off the table. When FairMormon points out the 1832 account, he labors to devalue the significance of this passage, and of other earlier sources that FairMormon mentions: “FAIR’s above answer actually confirms my point that the general Church membership was unfamiliar with the now official story of the Priesthood restoration until 1834. The best FAIR can do after scouring through everything for their rebuttal is this?”<br><br>
−	Notice again ''the shift from an original argument'' against the priesthood restoration based on “no such claim until 1834” to a much softer complaint about the general membership being “unfamiliar with the now official story.” Since the official story comes from the 1838 account, the fact that the general membership may not have been familiar with all details should only demonstrate the obvious
−	}}
−
−	== ==
−	{{etiqueta resposta}}
−
−	Although historical documents do not give an exact date for the restoration of the Melchizedek priesthood we can pinpoint its occurrence to a 17 day window between the 15 and 31 of May, 1829.
−	===Aaronic Priesthood===
−	Joseph learned from Moroni in 1823 that “when [the golden plates] are interpreted the Lord will give the holy priesthood to some, and they shall begin to proclaim this gospel and baptize by water, and after that they shall have power to give the Holy Ghost by the laying on of their hands.”<ref>As quoted by Oliver Cowdery in a letter to W. W. Phelps printed in {{MAfairwiki|vol=2|num=1|date=October 1835|start=199}}.</ref>  Two years later the first part of that pronouncement occurred when John the Baptist visited Joseph and Oliver:
−
−	:He said this Aaronic Priesthood had not the power of laying on hands for the gift of the Holy Ghost, but that this should be conferred on us hereafter...The messenger who visited us on this occasion and conferred this Priesthood upon us, said that his name was John, the same that is called John the Baptist in the New Testament, and that he acted under the direction of Peter, James and John, who held the keys of the Priesthood of Melchizedek, which Priesthood, he said, would in due time be conferred on us...It was on the fifteenth day of May, 1829, that we were ordained under the hand of this messenger, and baptized.<ref>{{scripture||JS-H|1|70-72}}</ref>  We know that the Melchizedek priesthood therefore had not yet been given and must be given either later that day or sometime following that day.
−
−	Joseph and Oliver Cowdery were told to re-ordain each other to the priesthood after being baptized.  This was to follow proper rules of being a member before receiving the priesthood, but in their case they couldn't become members until having the priesthood to baptize each other.<ref>Joseph Fielding Smith, Essentials in Church History, 27th ed. (1974), 58.</ref>
−
−	===Melchizedek Priesthood===
−	Similar to this origination complication of baptism and membership, the ordination to the office of Elder via the higher priesthood could not occur until the church had been established.  After the church was officially established we have the following evidences that Joseph Smith and Oliver Cowdery had already received the higher priesthood:
−
−	# Aug 1830, the Lord spoke to the Prophet Joseph Smith of “Peter, and James, and John, whom I have sent unto you, by whom I have ordained you and confirmed you to be apostles, and especial witnesses of my name, and bear the keys of your ministry and of the same things which I revealed unto them.” {{scripture||D&C|27|12}}
−	# Apr 1830, “And to Oliver Cowdery, who was also called of God, an apostle of Jesus Christ, to be the second elder of this church, and ordained under his hand.” {{scripture||D&C|20|2-3}}
−	# “Joseph Smith and Oliver Cowdery sought after this higher authority, and the Lord gave it to them, before the rise of this Church, sending to them Peter, James and John. What for? To bestow upon them the Apostleship.” -Elder Parley P. Pratt <ref>{{JDfairwiki|author=Orson Pratt|vol=16 |start=294|end=295|disc=40}}</ref>
−	# Hiram Page, a son-in-law of Peter Whitmer Sr., and one who was present on the day of the Church’s 6 April 1830 organization, later confirmed that “Peter, James and John” had come and bestowed the Holy Priesthood “before the 6th of April 1830.” <ref>Letter of Hiram Page to “Brother Wm. [William E. McLellin],” 4 March 1848, Fishing River, Missouri, Second Part, RLDS Archives, Independence, Missouri.</ref>
−	# “I know that Joseph received his Apostleship from Peter, James, and John, before a revelation on the subject was printed, and he never had a right to organize a Church before he was an Apostle.” -Brigham Young <ref>{{JDfairwiki|author=Brigham Young|vol=1|start=137|disc=22}}; emphasis added.</ref>
−
−	===Narrow Window===
−	Knowing that the prophet already had the Melchizedek priesthood prior to the organization of the church we can look at the following clues of the May 15 to 30, 1829 ordination window in order of progressively narrowed parameters:
−	# '''Year 1829''': There is a manuscript in Oliver Cowdery’s handwriting recording part of {{scripture||D&C|18||}} saying, “Written in the year of our Lord & Saviour 1829.”  <ref>Oliver Cowdery, “Written in the year of our Lord & Savior 1829—A true copy of the articles of the Church of Christ,” MS 1829, LDS Church Archives.</ref>
−	# '''June 1829''': In {{scripture||D&C|18|9|}} we read “And now, Oliver Cowdery, I speak unto you, and also unto David Whitmer, by the way of commandment; for, behold, I command all men everywhere to repent, and I speak unto you, even as unto Paul mine apostle, for you are called even with that same calling with which he was called.”
−	# '''Before June 14, 1829''': Oliver Cowdery wrote a letter to Hyrum Smith. The letter has some wording that quotes and refers to section 18 in the D&C. <ref>Letter of Oliver Cowdery to Hyrum Smith, 14 June 1829, Fayette, New York, LDS Church Archives.</ref>
−	# '''Before June 1, 1829''':
−	#* Joseph Smith said that he, Emma, Oliver and David Whitmer traveled to the home of Peter Whitmer Sr. “In the beginning of the month of June.” <ref>{{HoC | vol=1|start=48|end=49 }}; Papers of Joseph Smith, 1:293.</ref>
−	#* David Whitmer is quoted as saying “The translation at my father’s farm, Fayette Township, Seneca County, New York occupied about one month, that is from June 1, to July 1, 1829.” <ref>Kansas City Daily Journal, 5 June 1881.</ref>  If those dates are exact then the Prophet was in New York during the entire month of June.
−	#* Orson Pratt asked David Whitmer, “Can you tell the date of the bestowal of the Apostleship upon Joseph, by Peter, James and John?” To which he replied: “I do not know, Joseph never told me.”  From this we can tell that the visitation either:
−	#*# Happened during the traveling when Joseph and Oliver were away from David and did not tell him about the occurrence (their trusted friend with whom they shared many other events).
−	#*# Happened at another time than their travel from Harmony to Fayette.
−
−	===Location===
−
−	Critics also raise the issue of ''where'' the Melchizedek priesthood restoration occurred.
−
−	The bestowal of the Melchizedek priesthood occurred in Harmony, Pennsylvania. <ref>{{scripture||D&C|128|20}}; {{HoC | vol=1|start=40|end=41 }}</ref>  The time of travel between Harmony, PA and the Whitmer farm would have been three days.  The likely hood of the men traveling back to Harmony at the same time as they did the following is near impossible:
−	:* Finished the translation
−	:* Secured the copyright on June 11
−	:* Oliver's letter to Hyrum on June 14
−	:* Joseph's details of how busy they were during this time period at the farm <ref>{{HoC | vol=1|start=51|end=51 }}</ref>
−
−	As shown above, after receiving the priesthood they were not yet allowed to ordain each other to the offices within that priesthood.  They were told to “defer this our ordination until such times as it should be practicable to have our brethren, who had been and who should be baptized, assembled together, when we must have their sanction to our proceeding to ordain each other.” <ref>{{HoC | vol=1|start=60|end=61 }}; emphasis added.</ref>
−
−	There are many times<ref>Reuben Miller Journal, 21 Oct. 1848, MS 1392, LDS Church Archives.</ref> when Oliver confirmed without error that the sequence of events occurred as shown above.<ref>Statement of Oliver Cowdery to Samuel W. Richards, 13 Jan. 1849, quoted in Deseret Evening News, 22 March 1884, 2.</ref>
−
−	===Other early mentions===
−
−	Some have claimed that Joseph only began to mention apostolic ordination to the priesthood several years after the Church's organization. Contrary to this claim, there are clear references to Joseph Smith stating he had seen Jesus Christ.  Joseph’s ‘conversations’ with the Apostles could be a reference to having seen, spoken to, and been ordained to the Priesthood by the early Apostles Peter, James, and John.  Having received that Priesthood Joseph Smith was now qualified to perform healings, and other ‘miracles’.
−
−	*Reverend Richmond Taggart to reverend Jonathan Goings, Cleveland, Ohio, March 2, <span style="color:blue">1833</span>.
−	<blockquote>
−	“The following Curious occurrence occurred last week in Newburg about 6 miles from this Place [Cleveland, Ohio]. Joe Smith the great Mormonosity was there and held forth, and among other things he told them he had seen Jesus Christ <span style="color:blue">and the Apostles</span> and conversed with them, and that he could perform miracles.”
−	</blockquote>
−	*''Painesville Telegraph'', November 16, <span style="color:blue">1830</span>.
−	<blockquote>
−	“About Two weeks since some persons came along here with the book, <span style="color:blue">one of whom pretends to have seen Angels</span>, and assisted in translating the plates. He proclaims the destruction upon the world within a few years,--holds forth that the ordinances of the gospel, have not been regularly administered since the days of the Apostles, till the said Smith and himself commenced the work . . . . The name of the person here, who pretends to have a divine mission, and <span style="color:blue">to have seen and conversed with Angels, is Cowdray.</span>”
−	</blockquote>
−	*''Painesville Telegraph'', December 7, <span style="color:blue">1830</span>.
−	<blockquote>
−	“Mr. Oliver Cowdry has his commission directly from the God of Heaven, and that he has credentials, written and signed by the hand of Jesus Christ, with whom he has personally conversed, and as such, said <span style="color:blue">Cowdry claims that he and his associates are the only persons on earth who are qualified to administer in his name. By this authority</span>, they proclaim to the world, that all who do not believe their testimony, and be baptized by them for the remission of sins . . . must be forever miserable.”
−	</blockquote>
−	*''The Reflector'', February 14, <span style="color:blue">1831</span>.
−	<blockquote>
−	They [missionaries] then proclaimed that there had been no religion in the world for 1500 years,--that no one had been authorized to preach &c. for that period—that Jo Smith had now received a commission from God for that purpose . . . . Smith (they affirmed) had seen God frequently and personally—<span style="color:blue">Cowdery and his friends had frequent interviews with angels.</span>”
−	</blockquote>
−	[[File:Book of commandments chapter 24 1-4.jpg|500 px|thumb|center|Joseph was "ordained an apostle of Jesus Christ"]]
−
−	===Why did several years pass before Oliver talked about the priesthood restoration?===
−
−	We don't know when Oliver first mentioned the priesthood restoration to anyone - we only know when he first put it in print. But consider this: If Oliver was covering up a fraud on the part of Joseph Smith when he talked of receiving the Aaronic and Melchizedek Priesthoods, then why didn't he expose the fraud after he fell into disagreement with Joseph Smith and was excommunicated from the Church? Why, in fact, did Oliver continue to insist that the events related to the restoration of the Priesthood actually happened?
−
−	The implication is that Oliver was dishonest, yet his associates during the time that he was a lawyer ''after'' leaving the Church viewed his character as "irreproachable". Harvey Gibson, a political opponent of Oliver's, and another lawyer (whose statue now stands in front of the Seneca County courthouse) wrote:
−	<blockquote>
−	Cowdery was an able lawyer and [an] agreeable, irreproachable gentleman. <ref>"Letter from General W. H. Gibson," Seneca Advertiser (Tiffin, Ohio) 12 April 1892.</ref>
−	</blockquote>
−
−	Webster's 1828 dictionary defines "irreproachable" as "That cannot be justly reproached; free from blame; upright; innocent. An irreproachable life is the highest honor of a rational being." <ref>Webster's Dictionary, {{link|url=http://1828.mshaffer.com/d/search/word,irreproachable}}</ref>
−
−	Oliver wrote the following to Phineas Young two years after Joseph's death, well ''after'' he had left the Church:
−	<blockquote>
−	I have cherished a hope, and that one of my fondest, that I might leave such a character, as those who might believe in my testimony, after I should be called hence, might do so, not only for the sake of the truth, but might not blush for the private character of the man who bore that testimony. I have been sensitive on this subject, I admit; but I ought to be so—you would be, under the circumstances, '''had you stood in the presence of John, with our departed Brother Joseph, to receive the Lesser Priesthood—and in the presence of Peter, to receive the Greater, and looked down through time, and witnessed the effects these two must produce''',—you would feel what you have never felt, were wicked men conspiring to lessen the effects of your testimony on man, after you should have gone to your long sought rest. <ref>Oliver Cowdery to Phineas Young, 23 March 1846, Oliver Cowdery Collection, "Scriptory Book of Joseph Smith Jr." (kept by George W. Robinson), 22, LDS Church Historical Department (published in Scott H. Faulring, ed, ''An American Prophet's Record.— The Diaries and Journals of Joseph Smith'' (Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 1989), emphasis in original; cited in Scott H. Faulring.  “The Return of Oliver Cowdery”, FARMS Featured Paper, no date.</ref>
−	</blockquote>
−
−	== ==
−	{{etiqueta notas}}
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−	<references/>
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−	</onlyinclude>
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	[[es:El Mormonismo y el sacerdocio/La restauración/Melquisedec/Fecha]]		[[es:El Mormonismo y el sacerdocio/La restauración/Melquisedec/Fecha]]
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Edição atual desde as 21h05min de 28 de junho de 2017

Índice

Data da restauração do Sacerdócio de Melquisedeque

  NEEDS TRANSLATION  

Question: What criticisms are put forth regarding the restoration of the Melchizedek Priesthood?

Documentos históricos não dão uma data exata para a restauração do sacerdócio de Melquisedeque

• A Carta a um Diretor do SEI afirma que "Embora seja ensinado agora que o sacerdócio foi restaurado em 1829, Joseph e Oliver não fizeram tal afirmação, até 1834."^[1]
• Foi a restauração do sacerdócio “pré-datada” posteriormente por Joseph Smith para justificar um desejo de dominar a Igreja?
• Alguém sabe "quando ou como" Joseph Smith recebeu o sacerdócio de Melquisedeque?
• Por que vários anos se passaram antes de Oliver falar sobre a restauração do sacerdócio?

Documentos históricos não dão uma data exata para a restauração do sacerdócio de Melquisedeque.

If Joseph was making the story up, why not just pick a date and stick to it? The uncertainty of dates is typical of real world events; any one clever enough to "fake" the restoration and organization of the Church could certainly pick a date off the top of his head. Who could argue with him?

O tempo aproximado da restauração do sacerdócio de Melquisedeque pode ser plausivelmente reduzido

Quando toda a evidência circunstancial é estudada, o tempo aproximado da restauração do sacerdócio de Melquisedeque pode ser plausivelmente reduzido. Embora os documentos históricos não deem uma data exata da restauração do Sacerdócio de Melquisedeque, podemos identificar a sua ocorrência em uma janela de 17 dias, entre os dias 15 e 31 de maio de 1829. Embora a data exata não é conhecida, a janela que é conhecida é pequena o suficiente para impossibilitar uma posterior fabricação de eventos pelo Profeta para "aumentar a sua autoridade."

There are non-Mormon accounts that indicate that Joseph and Oliver had received visits from apostles and angels

Some have claimed that Joseph only began to mention apostolic ordination to the priesthood several years after the Church's organization. Contrary to this claim, there are clear references to Joseph Smith stating he had seen Jesus Christ. Joseph’s ‘conversations’ with the Apostles could be a reference to having seen, spoken to, and been ordained to the Priesthood by the early Apostles Peter, James, and John. Having received that Priesthood Joseph Smith was now qualified to perform healings, and other ‘miracles’.

Pergunta: De que maneira foi restaurado o Sacerdócio Aarônico?

Joseph Smith: "fomos ordenados pela mão desse mensageiro e batizados"

Joseph aprendeu com Morôni, em 1823, que "quando [as placas de ouro] forem interpretadas o Senhor dará o santo sacerdócio a alguns, e eles deverão começar a proclamar o evangelho e batizar por água e depois disso eles terão poder para conceder o Espírito Santo pela imposição de suas mãos."^[2] Dois anos depois, a primeira parte desse pronunciamento ocorreu quando João Batista visitou Joseph e Oliver:

Ele disse que este Sacerdócio Aarônico não tinha o poder de imposição de mãos para o dom do Espírito Santo, mas que isso deveria ser conferido a nós mais tarde... O mensageiro que nos visitou nessa ocasião e conferiu-nos esse sacerdócio, disse que seu nome era João, o mesmo que é chamado de João Batista no Novo Testamento, e que agia sob a direção de Pedro, Tiago e João, que possuíam as chaves do Sacerdócio de Melquisedeque, sacerdócio, que segundo ele, seria conferido a nós no devido tempo ... Foi no dia quinze de maio de 1829, que fomos ordenados pela mão desse mensageiro e batizados.^[3] Nós sabemos que o sacerdócio de Melquisedeque, portanto, ainda não tinha sido dado e deveria ser dado ou mais tarde naquele dia ou em algum momento no dia seguinte.^[4]

  NEEDS TRANSLATION  

We know that the Melchizedek priesthood therefore had not yet been given and must be given either later that day or sometime following that day.

Joseph e Oliver Cowdery foram orientados a re-ordenar o sacerdócio um ao outro depois de serem batizados. Isso foi feito para seguir as regras adequadas de ser um membro antes de receber o sacerdócio, mas no caso deles, eles não podiam tornar-se membros até ter o sacerdócio para batizar um ao outro.^[5]

Pergunta: De que maneira foi o sacerdócio de Melquisedeque restaurado?

  NEEDS TRANSLATION  

The ordination to the office of Elder via the higher priesthood could not occur until the church had been established

Semelhantemente a esta complicação da origem do batismo e da filiação, a ordenação ao ofício de Elder através do sacerdócio maior não poderia ocorrer até que a igreja tivesse sido estabelecida. Após da igreja ter sido estabelecida oficialmente temos as seguintes evidências de que Joseph Smith e Oliver Cowdery já tinham recebido o sacerdócio maior:

1. Agosto 1830, o Senhor falou ao profeta Joseph Smith "E também com Pedro e Tiago e João, que vos enviei, por intermédio de quem vos ordenei e confirmei para serdes apóstolos e testemunhas especiais de meu nome e para portardes as chaves de vosso ministério e das mesmas coisas que a eles revelei.” D&C 27:12
2. Abril 1830, "E a Oliver Cowdery, que foi também chamado por Deus como apóstolo de Jesus Cristo para ser o segundo élder desta igreja e ordenado sob sua mão" D&C 20: 2-3 (**Na verdade é só o versículo 3)
3. ”Joseph Smith e Oliver Cowdery procuram por esta autoridade maior, e o Senhor a deu a eles, antes do surgimento desta Igreja, enviando-lhes Pedro, Tiago e João. Para que? Para conferir sobre eles o Apostolado. "Élder Parley P. Pratt^[6]
4. Hiram Page, um genro de Peter Whitmer Senior, e um dos que estavam presentes na organização da igreja no dia de 6 de abril de 1830, confirmou mais tarde que "Pedro, Tiago e João" tinham vindo e concedido o Santo Sacerdócio "antes a 06 de Abril de 1830.”^[7]
5. ”Eu sei que Joseph recebeu seu apostolado, de Pedro, Tiago e João, antes de uma revelação sobre o assunto ser impresso, e ele nunca teve o direito de organizar a Igreja, antes de ser um Apóstolo". -Brigham Young^[8]

Pergunta: Qual é a data da restauração do Sacerdócio de Melquisedeque?

Janela Estreita

Sabendo-se que o profeta já tinha o Sacerdócio de Melquisedeque antes da organização da Igreja, podemos olhar para as seguintes pistas de uma janela da ordenação entre 15 e 30 de maio 1829, a fim de progressivamente estreitar os parâmetros:

1. Ano 1829: Existe um manuscrito com a caligrafia de Oliver Cowdery registrando parte de D& C18: dizendo: "Escrito no ano de nosso Senhor e Salvador de 1829."^[9]
2. Junho 1829: Em D&C 18: 9 lemos: "E agora, Oliver Cowdery, dirijo-me a ti e também a David Whitmer, por meio de mandamento; pois eis que ordeno a todos os homens de todos os lugares que se arrependam; e falo a vós como falei a Paulo, meu apóstolo, porque sois chamados pelo mesmo chamado que ele."
3. Antes de 14 de junho de 1829: Oliver Cowdery escreveu uma carta a Hyrum Smith. A carta tem palavreado que cita e refere a seção 18 de D&C.^[10]
   • Joseph Smith disse que ele, Emma, ​​Oliver e David Whitmer viajaram para a casa de Peter Whitmer Senior "No início do mês de junho." ^[11]
   • David Whitmer é citado dizendo: "A tradução na fazenda de meu pai, em Fayette Township, Seneca County, New York ocupou cerca de um mês, isto é, de 1 de Junho, a 1 de Julho de 1829." ^[12] Se essas datas estão exatas, o Profeta estava em Nova York, durante todo o mês de junho.
   • Orson Pratt perguntou a David Whitmer, "Você pode dizer a data da concessão do Apostolado a Joseph, por Pedro, Tiago e João?" Ao que ele respondeu: "Eu não sei, Joseph nunca me disse." A partir disso podemos dizer que a visitação ou:
     1. Aconteceu durante a viagem, quando Joseph e Oliver estavam longe de David e não contaram a ele sobre a ocorrência (seu amigo de confiança com quem partilharam muitos outros eventos).
     2. Aconteceu em outro momento e não na viagem de Harmony para Fayette

Pergunta: Onde foi o sacerdócio de Melquisedeque restaurado?

A concessão do sacerdócio de Melquisedeque ocorreu em Harmony, mas a ordenação foi adiada até mais tarde

Os críticos também levantam a questão de onde a restauração do sacerdócio de Melquisedeque ocorreu.

A concessão do sacerdócio de Melquisedeque ocorreu em Harmony, Pensilvânia. ^[13] O tempo de viagem de Harmony, PA até a fazenda Whitmer teria sido de três dias. O probabilidade de homens que viajavam de volta a Harmony, ao mesmo tempo que eles fizeram o seguinte é quase impossível:

• Terminaram a tradução
• Garantiram os direitos de autoria em 11 de junho
• A carta de Oliver para Hyrum em 14 de Junho
• Detalhes de Joseph de quão ocupados eles estavam durante este período de tempo na fazenda ^[14]

Como demonstrado acima, depois de receber o sacerdócio eles ainda não eram autorizados a ordenar um ao outro aos ofícios daquele sacerdócio. Eles foram orientados a "adiar esta nossa ordenação até um tempo que seja praticável (possível) ter nossos irmãos ,que foram e devem ser batizados, reunidos, quando possamos ter sua aprovação no nosso processo de ordenar um ao outro."^[15]

Houveram muitas vezes^[16], onde Oliver confirmou sem erro que a sequência de eventos ocorreu, como demonstrado acima.^[17]

Pergunta: Por que se passaram vários anos antes de Oliver falar sobre a restauração do sacerdócio?

Não sabemos quando Oliver mencionou a restauração do sacerdócio pela primeira a alguém - nos só sabemos quando ele colocou na forma impressa pela primeira vez

Não sabemos quando Oliver mencionou a restauração do sacerdócio pela primeira a alguém - nos só sabemos quando ele colocou na forma impressa pela primeira vez. Mas considere isto: Se Oliver estava encobrindo uma fraude por parte de Joseph Smith quando ele falou do recebimento dos sacerdócios Aarônico e de Melquisedeque, então por que ele não expôs a fraude depois que ele entrou em desacordo com Joseph Smith e foi excomungado da Igreja? Por que, de fato, Oliver continuou a insistir que os eventos relacionados à restauração do Sacerdócio de fato aconteceram?

A implicação é de que Oliver era desonesto, mas seus associados durante o tempo em que ele era um advogado depois de deixar a Igreja viam seu caráter como "irrepreensível". Harvey Gibson, um adversário político de Oliver, e outro advogado (cuja estátua está agora na frente do tribunal Seneca County) escreveu:

Cowdery era um advogado capaz e [um] agradável e irrepreensível cavalheiro. ^[18]

O dicionário Webster de 1828 define "irrepreensível", como "Que não pode ser justamente afrontado; livre de culpa; direito; inocente. Uma vida irrepreensível é a maior honra de um ser racional." [18] ^[19]

Oliver escreveu o seguinte a Phineas Young, dois anos após a morte de Joseph, bem depois de haver deixado a Igreja:

Tenho acalentado uma esperança, e uma das mais profundas, de que eu deixe um caráter tal, assim como aqueles que venham a acreditar em meu testemunho, depois que eu seja levado daqui, e possa fazê-lo, não só pelo bem da verdade, mas para que não manche o caráter particular do homem que deu esse testemunho. Tenho estado sensível a esse assunto, eu admito; mas eu tenho que estar assim —você estaria, perante as circunstâncias, se você estivesse estado na presença de João, com o falecido irmão Joseph, para receber o Sacerdócio Menor —e na presença de Pedro, para receber o Maior, e olhasse através do tempo, e testemunhasse os efeitos que estes dois produzem, —você iria sentir o que você nunca sentiu, se homens iníquos conspirassem para diminuir os efeitos do seu testemunho em um homem, depois que você tivesse ido para o seu descanso tão procurado. ^[20]

Painesville Telegraph (1830): "Cowdry afirma que ele e seus associados são as únicas pessoas na Terra que estão qualificadas para administrar em seu nome. Com esta autoridade, eles proclamam ao mundo"

Painesville Telegraph, 07 de dezembro de 1830:

O Sr. Oliver Cowdry tem sua comissão diretamente do Deus do Céu, e ele tem credenciais, escritos e assinados pela mão de Jesus Cristo, com quem ele conversou pessoalmente, e como tal, disse Cowdry afirma que ele e seus associados são as únicas pessoas na Terra que estão qualificadas para administrar em seu nome. Com esta autoridade, eles proclamam ao mundo, que todos os que não acreditam em seu testemunho, e não forem batizados por eles para a remissão dos pecados. . . serão miseráveis para sempre.^[21]

Painesville Telegraph (1830): "O nome da pessoa aqui, que diz ter uma missão divina, e de ter visto e conversado com os Anjos, é Cowdray"

Painesville Telegraph, 16 Novembro 1830:

Cerca de duas semanas desde que umas pessoas vieram aqui com o livro, um dos quais dizia ter visto anjos, e ajudado na tradução das placas. Ele proclama a destruição do mundo dentro de poucos anos, — assegura que as ordenanças do evangelho, não tem sido administradas corretamente desde os dias dos Apóstolos, até o dito Smith e eles iniciaram a obra. . . . O nome da pessoa aqui, que diz ter uma missão divina, e de ter visto e conversado com os Anjos, é Cowdray.”^[22]

The Palmyra Reflector (1831): "Jo Smith agora tinha recebido uma comissão de Deus...Cowdery e seus amigos tinham entrevistas frequentes com anjos"

The Palmyra Reflector, Fevereiro 14, 1831:

Eles, então, proclamaram que não tinha havido nenhuma religião no mundo por 1500 anos, — que ninguém tinha sido autorizado a pregar &c. por aquele período — que Jo Smith agora tinha recebido uma comissão de Deus com esse propósito. . . . Smith (eles afirmam) tinha visto Deus frequentemente e pessoalmente —Cowdery e seus amigos tinham entrevistas frequentes com anjos.^[23]

Reverend Taggart (1833): "Joe Smith...ele disse que tinha visto Jesus Cristo e os Apóstolos e conversou com eles, e que ele podia fazer milagres"

Reverendo Richmond Taggart ao Reverendo Jonathan Goings, Cleveland, Ohio, 02 de março de 1833:

A seguinte ocorrência curiosa ocorreu na semana passada em Newburg cerca de 6 quilômetros daqui [Cleveland, Ohio]. Joe Smith, o grande "Mórmon" estava lá e falou em público, e entre outras coisas, ele disse que tinha visto Jesus Cristo e os Apóstolos e conversou com eles, e que ele podia fazer milagres.^[24]

Notas

1. ↑ Jeremy Runnells, Letter to a CES Director. www.cesletter.com
2. ↑ As quoted by Oliver Cowdery in a letter to W. W. Phelps printed in (October 1835) Latter Day Saints' Messenger and Advocate 2:199..
3. ↑ Joseph Smith—History 1:70-72
4. ↑ Joseph Smith—History 1:70-72
5. ↑ Joseph Fielding Smith, Essentials in Church History, 27th ed. (1974), 58.
6. ↑ Orson Pratt, Journal of Discourses 16:294-295.
7. ↑ Letter of Hiram Page to “Brother Wm. [William E. McLellin],” 4 March 1848, Fishing River, Missouri, Second Part, RLDS Archives, Independence, Missouri.
8. ↑ Brigham Young, Journal of Discourses 1:137.; emphasis added.
9. ↑ Oliver Cowdery, “Written in the year of our Lord & Savior 1829—A true copy of the articles of the Church of Christ,” MS 1829, LDS Church Archives.
10. ↑ Letter of Oliver Cowdery to Hyrum Smith, 14 June 1829, Fayette, New York, LDS Church Archives.
11. ↑ Joseph Smith, History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 7 volumes, edited by Brigham H. Roberts, (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1957), 1:48–49. BYU Studies link; Papers of Joseph Smith, 1:293.
12. ↑ Kansas City Daily Journal, 5 June 1881.
13. ↑ D&C 128:20; Joseph Smith, History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 7 volumes, edited by Brigham H. Roberts, (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1957), 1:40–41. BYU Studies link
14. ↑ Joseph Smith, History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 7 volumes, edited by Brigham H. Roberts, (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1957), 1:51–51. BYU Studies link
15. ↑ Joseph Smith, History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 7 volumes, edited by Brigham H. Roberts, (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1957), 1:60–61. BYU Studies link; emphasis added.
16. ↑ Reuben Miller Journal, 21 Oct. 1848, MS 1392, LDS Church Archives.
17. ↑ Statement of Oliver Cowdery to Samuel W. Richards, 13 Jan. 1849, quoted in Deseret Evening News, 22 March 1884, 2.
18. ↑ "Letter from General W. H. Gibson," Seneca Advertiser (Tiffin, Ohio) 12 April 1892.
19. ↑ Webster's Dictionary, off-site
20. ↑ Oliver Cowdery to Phineas Young, 23 March 1846, Oliver Cowdery Collection, "Scriptory Book of Joseph Smith Jr." (kept by George W. Robinson), 22, LDS Church Historical Department (published in Scott H. Faulring, ed, An American Prophet's Record.— The Diaries and Journals of Joseph Smith (Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 1989), emphasis in original; cited in Scott H. Faulring. “The Return of Oliver Cowdery”, FARMS Featured Paper, no date.
21. ↑ Painesville Telegraph, 07 de dezembro de 1830
22. ↑ Predefinição:Periodical:Painesville Telegraph:16.nov.1830
23. ↑ The Palmyra Reflector, Fevereiro 14, 1831.
24. ↑ Reverend Richmond Taggart ao Reverendo Jonathan Goings, Cleveland, Ohio, 02 de março de 1833.