Utilisateur:InProgress/Reinventing Lamanite Identity

Index to claims made in Reinventing Lamanite Identity, by Brent L. Metcalfe

This is an index of claims made in this work with links to corresponding responses within the FAIRwiki. An effort has been made to provide the author's original sources where possible.

20

Claim
The author claims that "the Book of Mormon teaches—that 'the Lamanites...are the principal ancestors of the American Indians.'"

Author's source(s)

  • "Introduction," Book of Mormon (1981 edition).

Response


Claim
  • The author claims that LDS scholars have been led to "shrink and dilute" the Book of Mormon's "American Israelite" population as the result of DNA analysis showing that Native Americans have an Asian genetic signature.

Author's source(s)
  • The author quotes a number of genetic studies.
Response
  • The author argues that LDS scholars or apologists are "shrinking and diluting" their view on the Book of Mormon because they are being driven back in a rear-guard action by science. But, in fact, some LDS leaders and scholars have argued for a restricted geography and small numeric contribution of Lehites for over one hundred years. These beliefs were not held because of scientific "pressure," but because of their reading of the Book of Mormon text.
  • For a detailed response, see: Limited geography theory

Claim
  • The author states: "As BYU geneticist Michael Whiting stipulates, a hemispheric colonization model for the Book of Mormon 'is indeed incorrect' and 'appears falsified by current genetic evidence.'"

Author's source(s)
  • Michael F. Whiting, “DNA and the Book of Mormon: A Phylogenetic Perspective,” Journal of Book of Mormon Studies 12, no. 1 (2003): 28, 31. off-site
Response
  • The fragments quoted by the author in context:

If we grant that the global colonization hypothesis is the correct lineage history...the above hypothesis is indeed incorrect. To this point all we have shown is that the global colonization hypothesis appears falsified by current genetic evidence. But is the global colonization hypothesis the only hypothesis emerging from the Book of Mormon? This is the crux of the matter....if the above description of the lineage history in the Book of Mormon is oversimplified, then these genetic results demonstrate only that this oversimplified view does not appear correct. But Book of Mormon scholars have been writing about certain complicating factors for decades, so this conclusion about oversimplification really comes as no surprise. (soulignons a été ajouté)


21

Claim
  • The author notes that others were "prophetically precluded" from inhabiting the land occupied by Lehi's people. He cites

And behold, it is wisdom that this land should be kept as yet from the knowledge of other nations; for behold, many nations would overrun the land, that there would be no place for an inheritance. Wherefore, I, Lehi, have obtained a promise, that inasmuch as those whom the Lord God shall bring out of the land of Jerusalem shall keep his commandments, they shall prosper upon the face of this land; and they shall be kept from all other nations, that they may possess this land unto themselves . . . and there shall be none to molest them, nor to take away the land of their inheritance; and they shall dwell safely forever. 2  Néphi 1:8-9

Author's source(s)

  • 2 Ne. 1:8–9; see also John C. Kunich, “Multiply Exceedingly: Book of Mormon Population Sizes,” New Approaches to the Book of Mormon: Explorations in Critical Methodology, ed. Brent Lee Metcalfe (Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 1993), 261–62.

Response

  • The author quotes from 2 Nephi. Note that there are several uses of the word "land" in the passage:
  1. "this land should be kept as yet from the knowledge of other nations."
  2. "those whom the Lord God shall bring out of the land of Jerusalem."
  • The "land of Jerusalem" is a very small geographical area, yet Lehi's promised land is completely undefined in scope. The author applies the term "land" to mean the entire North and South American landmass. Is it really reasonable to assume that there would be "no place for an inheritance" on two continents for Lehi's people if anyone else was inhabiting the America's at the time?


Claim
  • The author quotes 2 Nephi 1:10-11, to note that the Lord would bring others nations to "take away from them the lands of their possessions" and cause them to be "scattered and smitten" when they "dwindled in unbelief."

Author's source(s)
Response
  • The author seems to be assuming that this refers to other nations coming across the ocean to scatter and smite Lehi's people. Yet, this passage is completely consistent with others outside the land occupied by Lehi's people coming to take away the Nephites' lands when they became wicked. The Book of Mormon certainly describes many times that the Nephites descended into wickedness. Each time they were "scattered and smitten" by the Lamanites. If the descendants of Laman and Lemuel joined others who were in lands outside of Lehi's "promised land," this promise would be completely and adequately fulfilled. The "other nations" referred to in the scriptural passage could easily have existed on the American continents.

Claim
  • Nephi talks of the Gentiles coming upon the land of promise and scattering the seed of his brethren.

Response
  • This passage is often interpreted to mean the arrival of Europeans and their subsequent scattering of existing Native American populations.

Claim
  • The author states that the "promised land" encompasses all of North America, since it must account for the prophesied arrival of British and European settlers, the coming forth of the Book of Mormon and the construction of a New Jerusalem.

Author's source(s)
  • 1 Ne. 13:12–42; 3 Ne. 20:13–14, 22; 21:2–7, 22–24; Ether 13:2–11; D&C 10:48–51; 19:27; 84:2–5;
  • see Dan Vogel, Joseph Smith: The Making of a Prophet (Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 2004), 407–09.
Response
  • 1  Néphi 13:12-42: Gentiles to be brought across "many waters" to inherit the land.
  • 1  Néphi 20:13-14: The "remnant of Jacob" to inherit the land from the Gentiles.
  • Éther 13:2-11: A New Jerusalem to be built upon the land.
  • D&A 10:48-51: "...my gospel, which I gave unto them that they might preach in their days, might come unto their brethren the Lamanites, and also all that had become Lamanites because of their dissensions."
  • D&A 19:27: "...the Jew, of whom the Lamanites are a remnant."
  • D&A 84:2-5: Location of New Jerusalem in Missouri.

Claim
  • Many proudly proclaimed their Israelite lineage. The Book of Mormon reiterates this lineage many times.

Author's source(s)
Response
  • Why were they proclaiming their lineage? Could not everyone proclaim their lineage through Israel?

22

Claim
  • The author notes that "Book of Mormon readers are not told of a single Nephite or Lamanite who descended from anyone other than an Israelite," and that scholars attempt to mitigate this by claiming that others were adopted into the Abrahamic covenant or that the Nephite record is an ethnocentric "lineage history."

Author's source(s)
  • Sorenson, An Ancient American Setting for the Book of Mormon (1985), 50–56;
  • John L. Sorenson and Matthew Roper, “Before DNA,” Journal of Book of Mormon Studies 12, no. 1 (2003): 17–18;
  • Whiting, “DNA” (2003), 25–28, 31, 33–34.
Response
 FAIR WIKI EDITORS: Check sources

Claim
  • The author states that neither the Jaredites nor the "Amerisraelites" ever mention indigenous "others."

Author's source(s)
  • No source provided.
Response

Claim
  • Joseph Smith taught that the Book of Mormon recounts the origin of Modern Amerindians.

Author's source(s)
  • No source provided.
Response
 FAIR WIKI EDITORS: Check sources

Claim
  • The author claims that apologists' response to Joseph's statements are that "prophets are fallible" and that Joseph "expressed or authorized divergent opinions aoubt the Book of Mormon setting and peoples."

Author's source(s)
  • No source provided.
Response

Claim
  • Joseph stated that the Book of Mormon is a record of the forefathers of our western Tribes of Indians and that the Land of America is a promised land.

Author's source(s)
  • Joseph Smith to N. C. Saxton, 4 January 1833, Joseph Smith Letter Book 1, p. 17 (the r in “tribes of Indians” is dotted like an i), Joseph Smith Collection, LDS Church Archives, Salt Lake City, available on Selected Collections from the Archives of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Provo: Brigham Young University Press, 2002), DVD 20; see also Dean C. Jessee, comp. and ed., The Personal Writings of Joseph Smith, 2nd ed. (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 2002), 297.
Response

Claim
  • The "white Lamanite" named Zelph.

Author's source(s)
  • For surveys of the primary sources on Zelph, see Donald Q. Cannon,
“Zelph Revisited,” Regional Studies in Latter-day Saint History: Illinois, ed. H. Dean Garrett (Provo: Brigham Young University, Department of Church History and Doctrine, 1995), 97–111; Kenneth W. Godfrey, “The Zelph Story,” Paper GOD-89 (Provo: FARMS, 1989); Godfrey, “The Zelph Story,” Brigham Young University Studies 29, no. 2 (Spring 1989): 31–56; Godfrey, “What Is the Significance of Zelph in the Study of Book of Mormon Geography?” Journal of Book of Mormon Studies 8, no. 2 (1999), 70–79; Brent Lee Metcalfe, “A Documentary Analysis of the Zelph Episode,” delivered at the 1989 Sunstone Symposium; Metcalfe, “Disinterring Zelph,” forthcoming online at <www.mormonscripturestudies.com>. Wilford Woodruff, Journal, [3 June] 1834, LDS Church Archives, Salt Lake City; see also Susan Staker, ed., Waiting for World’s End: The Diaries of Wilford Woodruff (Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 1993), 4. Woodruff’s journal was combined with Heber C. Kimball’s to form the 3 June 1834 entry in the History of the Church ([Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1978], 2:79–80). Like Woodruff, Kimball also observed that “Brother Joseph had enquired of the Lord” about Zelph’s identity “and it was made known in a vision” (Heber C. Kimball, “Extracts from H. C. Kimball[’]s Journal,” Times and Seasons 6, no. 2 [1 February 1845]: 788). Woodruff recounted Smith’s Zelph vision several times throughout his life. Ruben McBride penned a similar eyewitness account—so similar that in some instances his recollection of Smith’s language is identical to Woodruff’s (Reuben McBride, Sr., Journal, 3 June 1834, pp. 3–4, LDS Church Archives, Salt Lake City). Response
  • For a detailed response, see: Zelph

Claim
  • Joseph said that Moroni told him that "the Indians were the literal descendants of Abraham" and that they were "the former inhabitants of this continent."

Response
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