Criticism of Mormonism/Books/Mormonism 101/Chapter 9

Chapter 8: The Book of Mormon

A FAIR Analysis of: Criticism of Mormonism/Books A work by author: Bill McKeever and Eric Johnson

Chapter 10: The Atonement

Index of Claims in Chapter 9: The Doctrine and Covenants and the Pearl of Great Price

The Doctrine and Covenants: A Modern Day Revelation?

123-125

The authors provide an overview of what is found in the Doctrine and Covenants. This overview is generally correct.

Claim

• D&C 84 "predicts" the establishment of Zion and the construction of a temple in Independence, Missouri.

Author's source(s)

• DC 84꞉4-5
• Orson Pratt n6
• Lorenzo Snow n7
• Joseph Fielding Smith n8

Response

• There are two objections McKeever and Johnson give as to why they disregard section 84 as prophecy. First, is the term "this generation," and second is the fact that the Saints were forced out of the area, which, according to critics in general, indicates establishing Zion at that time and building the temple was not really God-ordained and thus it is a false prophecy. There are major flaws with both of these conclusions.
• For a detailed response, see: Joseph Smith/Prophecies/Independence temple to be built "in this generation" and Joseph Smith/Prophecies/Saints left Missouri before temple was built  ^{[needs work]}

Claim

• The authors claim that the "prophetic failures" regarding the establishment of Zion and the return of Christ are the reason for Sidney Rigdon's loss of faith in Joseph Smith.

Author's source(s)

• Van Wagoner n9

Response

• Actually, Sidney Rigdon became disassociated with the church when he was not chosen to be the leader after the murder of Joseph and Hyrum. Since Joseph Smith made no false prophecies, it had nothing to do Joseph Smith's "prophetic failures." In addition, critics such as the authors ignore the statements Joseph Smith made concerning the Saints being driven out of Missouri, going to the Rocky Mountains, and that the Center Place of Zion (Missouri) would not be settled until another time.

Claim

• According to the authors, D&C 87, the "revelation and prophecy on war" has "numerous flaws."

Response

• For a detailed response, see: Joseph Smith/Prophecies/Civil War

Building the Foundation, Not the Completion

Anti-Mormon sources, such as Mormonism 101, would have you deny Christ. Christ did not utter false prophecy, some of His prophecies just have not happened yet. When the scriptures mention "generation," it has several meanings. Critics recognize this when speaking about the words of Christ or the ancient apostles and prophets, yet they deny any possibility of Joseph Smith having the same meaning, and restrict his mention of "generation" to approximately a hundred years. This double standard only shows the hypocritical arguments and deceptive means used to attack The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. So let's now examine the purposes of the Lord and the sayings of Joseph Smith concerning the Saints, Zion, and Missouri to see if these things will sustain Joseph as a prophet of God.

McKeever and Johnson's point in their charge, is that if God was behind the revelation in D&C 84, then the Mormons could not have been driven out of Missouri by men. What McKeever and Johnson don't understand, is that the Lord spoke of the future glory of Zion. The Saints were only to lay the foundation of Zion, not build it in its entirety. The foundation is the preparing for the event to take place. This "redemption" of Zion takes place in separate phases. The first phase to take place has to be the foundation:

Behold, verily I say unto you, for this cause I have sent you-that you might be obedient, and that your hearts might be prepared to bear testimony of the things which are to come; And also that you might be honored in laying the foundation, and in bearing record of the land upon which the Zion of God shall stand;33

This revelation was given August 1, 1831, in Zion, Jackson County, Missouri, just over a year before D&C 84 was given to Joseph Smith (September 22 and 23, 1832). This shows the original intent of the Lord was to lay the foundation of Zion, not build it in its entirety. The question would then become, is there any indication of a time frame for these "things which are to come?" There most certainly is. A few verses later we read, "And now, verily, I say concerning the residue of the elders of my church, the time has not yet come, for many years, for them to receive their inheritance in this land."34 So the time for the Saints to inherit Zion was not in their day, and wouldn't be for "many years."

There was also another term the Lord used to indicate that Zion would not be established during that time. "Therefore it is expedient in me that mine elders should wait for a little season, for the redemption of Zion."35 By using terms such as "the time has not yet come," "many years," and "wait a little season" it is obvious that Zion would not be established during that time, only that the foundation would be laid.No matter how loudly or often McKeever and Johnson, or any other critic, say Zion was to be established fully by the Saints during the Missouri period, that was not the design of the Lord, nor was that the instruction given to Joseph.

So how was this foundation to be built? How could the land of Zion be built unless the Saints owned the land upon which to build? It couldn't! So the Lord told the Saints to purchase the land, so that the temple and other buildings could be legally built. That was the foundation. Zion cannot be Zion if someone other than the Lord's people owns the land. So the Lord gave instructions to buy the land, as a foundation, in preparation of the gathering.

Wherefore, I the Lord will that you should purchase the lands, that you may have advantage of the world, that you may have claim on the world, that they may not be stirred up unto anger. Wherefore, the land of Zion shall not be obtained but by purchase or by blood, otherwise there is none inheritance for you.36

How much land was bought? According to Lucien Carr in his history of Missouri, it was over 250,000 acres.37 In spite of McKeever and Johnson's apparent unwritten belief that anything the Lord instructs man to do will be accomplished without any hardships or difficulties, the Lord was very clear that there were going to be hardships. "For after much tribulation come the blessings. Wherefore the day cometh that ye shall be crowned with much glory; the hour is not yet, but is nigh at hand."38 And how severe would the tribulations be? "For Satan putteth it into their hearts to anger against you, and to the shedding of blood."39 This is exactly what happened in Missouri. Businesses were destroyed. Over two hundred houses were burned down or otherwise destroyed. Twelve hundred people were driven out of Independence,40 with about fifteen thousand total being driven out of the region. Hundreds were murdered, some very brutally,41 and this included children. That the people would be driven out of "Zion" temporarily is without question. "Zion shall not be moved out of her place, notwithstanding her children are scattered."42 The foundation of Zion is in place, as prophesied; thus proving that Joseph Smith made a true prophecy in D&C 84.

Zion was to be an "inheritance." An inheritance is something that passes from one generation to the next. An inheritance is not something that you obtain immediately, but only at a future time:

And I will give it unto you for the land of your inheritance, if you seek it with all your hearts. And this shall be my covenant with you, ye shall have it for the land of your inheritance, and for the inheritance of your children forever, while the earth shall stand, and ye shall possess it again in eternity, no more to pass away.43

They that remain, and are pure in heart, SHALL RETURN, and come to their inheritances, they and their children, with songs of everlasting joy, to build up the waste places of Zion.44

Again, let's look at the timing of these revelations, as it reveals a very important clue as to the intentions of the Lord. Section 38 was given on January 2, 1831, well over a year before section 84. Section 101 was given December 16, 1833, over a year after section 84 was given. The intention of the Lord never changed, only the expectations of man. The Saints will return to claim it. Their land was stolen from them. The members of the church still look forward to the day when they will return.

The Lord gave every indication that the Saints were to lay the foundation of Zion in Missouri; that they would be driven out, even "unto bloodshed;" and that the Saints would return and the land would be an inheritance. The words proclaimed by Joseph Smith correctly prophesied these events. Perhaps McKeever and Johnson should have researched some history in the matter as well as studied the Doctrine and Covenants to understand what happened, why it happened, what the Lord said, and what will happen.Just in case McKeever and Johnson would want to argue that the literal next generation of children of those Saints of the 1830's have not returned to receive an inheritance in Zion is evidence of false prophecy, let's examine that premise as well. There is a problem with this analogy. Children, just like the term "next generation," in scriptural terms, means any descendants, not necessarily the next literal generation. So, the "children" could be grandchildren, great-grandchildren, or any number of descendent generations. This is evidenced by the Bible.45

Neither shall thy name any more be called Abram, but thy name shall be Abraham; for a father of many nations have I made thee46

And he said, Men, brethren, and fathers, hearken; The God of glory appeared unto our father Abraham, when he was in Mesopotamia, before he dwelt in Charran47

Even Christ referred to Abraham as a father to those who were descendent by several generations.

Art thou greater than our father Abraham, which is dead? and the prophets are dead: whom makest thou thyself?

Jesus answered, If I honour myself, my honour is nothing: it is my Father that honoureth me; of whom ye say, that he is your God:

Yet ye have not known him; but I know him: and if I should say, I know him not, I shall be a liar like unto you: but I know him, and keep his saying.

Your father Abraham rejoiced to see my day: and he saw it, and was glad.

Then said the Jews unto him, Thou art not yet fifty years old, and hast thou seen Abraham?48

And just in case McKeever and Johnson want to argue that Zion is now in Salt Lake City, they would be wrong with this issue as well. There has been no other place appointed. Salt Lake City has not ever been appointed as the "center place" of Zion, or as Zion itself, and the Church still looks forward to the time when the prophecies will be fulfilled concerning Missouri as it pertains to Zion.

Since the Saints were driven out of Missouri, does that mean that Zion fell? Our critics would have you believe so. However, the answer to this important question can be found in the Doctrine and Covenants.

And the nations of the earth shall honor her, and shall say: surely zion is the city of our God, and surely Zion cannot fall, neither be moved out of her place, for God is there, and the hand of the Lord is there49

Perhaps if critics, including McKeever and Johnson, were to actually try reading entire sections of the Doctrine and Covenants instead of looking for a few words they can take out of context to use in their deceptive arguments, and take some time to read history books of America from the time period, including specifically LDS history, they would understand what happened in context of what was prophesied.

Remember that the Lord said a year before section 84 was given that the land of Zion would be an inheritance,50 and later said that only the foundation was to be laid at that time.51 D&C 97 of the Doctrine and Covenants tells more about Zion and the conditions of its establishment.

VERILY I say unto you my friends, I speak unto you with my voice, even the voice of my Spirit, that I may show unto you my will concerning your brethren in the land of Zion, many of whom are truly humble and are seeking diligently to learn wisdom and to find truth.52

McKeever and Johnson forget, or choose to ignore, the first rule of interpretation: the fact that prophecies can be conditional. The principle of obedience is stressed by the Lord in D&C 97:18, but the promise is definite: "if zion do these things, she shall prosper."

In not reading the entire account of Zion in the Doctrine and Covenants, proper context cannot be understood. Obedience is the basis upon which all blessings are received. The Saints in Missouri were promised that they would prosper, become great, and not be moved out of their place if they would be obedient unto that which the Lord required of them in this revelation. Unfortunately, the Saints did not act as they should have, and as a result, were driven from Missouri. This is also what the Bible teaches us about people as they obey the Lord.53 Parley P. Pratt, in his autobiography, writes:

This Revelation was not complied with by the leaders of the Church in Missouri as a whole, notwithstanding many were humble and faithful; therefore, the threatened judgment was poured out to the uttermost, as the history of the five following years shows.54

The disobedience of the Saints at the time resulted in the chastisement from the Lord: "And now I give unto you a word concerning Zion. Zion shall be redeemed, although she is chastened for a little season."55 This chastisement was the removal from Missouri until such time as the Saints deserve to inhabit Zion. The Lord did the same thing to peoples in the past as the Bible tells us.

Joseph Smith's thoughts were continually on Zion, and at this time he must have felt very anxious about the Saints. The Lord, therefore, gives him the assurance that Zion will be redeemed (v. 13), and that all things shall work together for good to them that walk uprightly; and to the sanctification of the Church (v. 15). The Church will come out of the fire of persecution, purified, for God will raise up unto Himself a pure people (v. 16). How long a time it will take to raise up a people willing to serve God in righteousness, He does not say. But it will be done. Israel was in Egypt 400 years, and the Babylonian captivity lasted 70 years, does that make the Bible false? It does not, for the purposes of God were accomplished.56

McKeever and Johnson have not shown a false prophecy of Joseph Smith. Instead, they have only shown their own double standard, lack of knowledge of history, refusal to actually read the Doctrine and Covenants in its entirety, and ignorance of biblical principles.One more item on this subject: Joseph Smith wrote a letter in which we can gain an understanding of just what the prophet actually thought about Zion and the Saints. This letter is a response from the prophet after learning that members of the Church had been killed and driven from their homes by mobs. I will quote the entire letter. The parts in italic text are important for this discussion.

Kirtland Mills, Ohio

December 10, 1833.

Edward Partridge, W. W. Phelps, John Whitmer, A. S. Gilbert, John Corrill, Isaac Morley, and all the Saints whom it may concern:

Beloved Brethren:

This morning's mail brought letters from Bishop Partridge, and Elders Corrill and Phelps, all mailed at Liberty, November 19th, which gave us the melancholy intelligence of your flight from the land of your inheritance, having been driven before the face of your enemies in that place.

From previous letters we learned that a number of our brethren had been slain, but we could not learn from the letters referred to above, that there had been more than one killed, and that one Brother Barber; and that Brother Dibble was wounded in the bowels. We were thankful to learn that no more had been slain, and our daily prayers are that the Lord will not suffer his Saints, who have gone up to His land to keep His commandments, to stain His holy mountain with their blood.

I cannot learn from any communication by the Spirit to me, that Zion has forfeited her claim to a celestial crown, notwithstanding the Lord has caused her to be thus afflicted, except it may be some individuals, who have walked in disobedience, and forsaken the new covenant; all such will be made manifest by their works in due time. I have always expected that Zion would suffer some affliction, from what I could learn from the commandments which have been given. But I would remind you of a certain clause in one which says, that after much tribulation cometh the blessing. By this, and also others, and also one received of late, I know that Zion, in the due time of the lord, will be redeemed; but how many will be the days of purification, tribulation, and affliction, the Lord has kept hid from my eyes; and when I inquire concerning this subject, the voice of the Lord is: Be still, and know that I am God; all those who suffer for my name shall reign with me, and he that layeth down his life for my sake shall find it again.

Now, there are two things of which I am ignorant; and the Lord will not show them unto me, perhaps for a wise purpose in Himself I mean in some respects and they are these: Why God has suffered so great a calamity to come upon Zion, and what the great moving cause of this great affliction is; and again, by what means he will return her back to her inheritance, with songs of everlasting joy upon her head. These two things, brethren, are in part kept back that they are not plainly shown unto me; but there are some things that are plainly manifest which have incurred the displeasure of the Almighty.

When I contemplate upon all things that have been manifested, I am aware that I ought not to murmur, and do not murmur, only in this, that those who are innocent are compelled to suffer for the iniquities of the guilty; and I cannot account for this, only on this wise, that the saying of the Savior has not been strictly observed: "If thy right eye offend thee, pluck it out, and cast it from thee; or if thy right arm offend thee, cut it off, and cast it from thee." Now the fact is, if any of the members of our body is disordered, the rest of our body will be affected with it, and then all are brought into bondage together; and yet, notwithstanding all this, it is with difficulty that I can restrain my feelings when I know that you, my brethren, with whom I have had so many happy hours sitting, as it were, in heavenly places in Christ Jesus; and also, having the witness which I feel, and ever have felt, of the purity of your motives are cast out, and are as strangers and pilgrims on the earth, exposed to hunger, cold, nakedness, peril, sword I say when I contemplate this, it is with difficulty that I can keep from complaining and murmuring against this dispensation; but I am sensible that this is not right, and may God grant that notwithstanding your great afflictions and sufferings, there may not anything separate us from the love of Christ.

Brethren, when we learn your sufferings, it awakens every sympathy of our hearts; it weighs us down; we cannot refrain from tears, yet, we are not able to realize, only in part, your sufferings: and I often hear the brethren saying, they wish they were with you, that they might bear a part of your sufferings; and I myself should have been with you, had not God prevented it in the order of His provident, that the yoke of affliction might be less grievous upon you, God having forewarned me, concerning these things, for your sake; and also, Elder Cowdery could not lighten your afflictions by tarrying longer with you, for his presence would have so much the more enraged your enemies; therefore God hath dealt mercifully with us. O brethren, let us be thankful that it is as well with us as it is, and we are yet alive and peradventure, God hath laid up in store great good for us in this generation, and may grant that we may yet glorify His name.

I feel thankful that there have no more denied the faith; I pray God in the name of Jesus that you all may be kept in the faith unto the end: let your sufferings be what they may, it is better in the eyes of God that you should die, than that you should give up the land of Zion, the inheritances which you have purchased with your moneys; for every man that giveth not up his inheritance, though he should die, yet, when the Lord shall come, he shall stand upon it, and with Job, in his flesh he shall see God. Therefore, this is my counsel, that you retain your lands, even unto the uttermost, and employ every lawful means to seek redress of your enemies; and pray to god, day and night, to return you in peace and in safety to the lands of your inheritance: and when the judge fail you, appeal unto the executive; and when the executive fail you, appeal unto the president; and when the president fail you, and all laws fail you, and the humanity of the people fail you, and all things else fail you but god alone, and you continue to weary him with your importunings, as the poor woman did the unjust judge, he will not fail to execute judgment upon your enemies, and to avenge his own elect that cry unto him day and night.

Behold, he will not fail you! he will come with ten thousand of his saints, and all his adversaries shall be destroyed with the breath of his lips! all those who keep their inheritances, notwithstanding they should be beaten and driven, shall be likened unto the wise virgins who took oil in their lamps. But all those who are unbelieving and fearful, will be likened unto the foolish virgins, who took no oil in their lamps: and when they shall return and say unto the Saints, Give us of your lands behold, there will be no room found for them. As respects giving deeds, I would advise you to give deeds as far as the brethren have legal and just claims for them, and then let every man answer to God for the disposal of them.

But, perhaps, the people in Liberty may feel willing, God having power to soften the hearts of all men, to have a press established there; and if not, in some other place; any place where it can be the most convenient, and it is possible to get to it; God will be willing to have it in any place where it can be established in safety. We must be wise as serpents and harmless as doves. Again, I desire that Elder Phelps should collect all the information, and give us a true history of the beginning and rise of Zion, and her calamities.

Now hear the prayer of your unworthy brother in the new and everlasting covenant: O my God! Thou who hast called and chosen a few, through Thy weak instrument by commandment, and sent them to Missouri, a place which Thou didst call Zion, and commanded Thy servants to consecrate it unto Thyself for a place of refuge and safety for the gathering of Thy Saints, to be built up a holy city unto Thyself; and as thou hast said that no other place should be appointed like unto this, therefore, I ask Thee in the name of Jesus Christ, to return Thy people unto their houses and their inheritances, to enjoy the fruit of their labors; that all the waste places may be built up; that all the enemies of Thy people, who will not repent and turn unto Thee, may be destroyed from off the face of the land; and let a house be built and established unto Thy name; and let all the losses that Thy people have sustained, be rewarded unto them, even more than four-fold, that the borders of Zion may be enlarged forever; and let her be established no more to be thrown down; and let all Thy Saints, when they are scattered as sheep, and are persecuted, flee unto Zion, and be established in the midst of her; and let her be organized according to Thy law; and let this prayer ever be recorded before Thy face. Give Thy Holy Spirit unto my brethren, unto whom I write; send Thine angels to guard them, and deliver them from all evil; and when they turn their faces toward Zion, and bow down before Thee and pray, may their sins never come up before Thy face; neither have place in the book of Thy remembrance; and may they depart from all their iniquities. Provide food for them as Thou doest for the ravens; provide clothing to cover their nakedness, and houses that they may dwell therein; give unto them friends in abundance, and let their names be recorded in the Lamb's book of life, eternally before Thy face. Amen.

Finally, brethren, the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all until His coming in His kingdom. Amen.

JOSEPH SMITH, JUN.57

This letter clearly shows that Joseph Smith knew what was going to transpire concerning Missouri. He knew the people would suffer ("I have always expected that Zion would suffer some affliction," and "after much tribulation cometh the blessing."), he did not think Zion would be redeemed any time soon ("Zion, in the due time of the Lord, will be redeemed," and "how many will be the days of purification, tribulation, and affliction, the Lord has kept hid from my eyes."), he encouraged the Saints to remain within the law ("employ every lawful means to seek redress of your enemies."), he knew legal redress would not be successful ("when the judge fail you," "when the executive fail you," "when the president fail you," and "and all things else fail you."), and he understood that the enemies of the Lord might not be destroyed until the judgement ("he will come with ten thousand of his saints," and "all his adversaries shall be destroyed with the breath of his lips.")

History has proven that Joseph Smith was 100% correct in what he said in this letter. Legal means of redress were not successful. The Saints remained within the law. Final judgement has not yet happened for those who are enemies of the Lord. What Joseph Smith had to say concerning Zion, even the timing, came true, thus Joseph Smith must be a true prophet of God.

If McKeever and Johnson expect to be taken seriously, if they seriously think Joseph Smith was a false prophet, if they truly believe D&C 84 is one of two sections which "stand out" as evidence of false prophecy, then it would behoove them to actually research the easily available material before coming to a conclusion. Instead, they start out with the assumption of false prophecy, and then attempt, by not presenting any evidence, to assert that the lack of evidence is evidence of a false prophecy. It makes them look foolish when the actual evidence, usually from the very same source they are using (in this case the Doctrine and Covenants), is brought forth.58

There is plenty of evidence that Joseph knew the Saints would not stay in Missouri; thus he knew that Zion would not be built up in his day. In fact, he knew the Saints would be moving to the Rocky Mountains. This particular movement was even prophesied of in the Bible.

And it shall come to pass in the last days, that the mountain of the Lord's house shall be established in the top of the mountains, and shall be exalted above the hills, and all nations shall flow unto it. And many people shall go and say, Come ye, and let us go up to the mountain of the Lord, to the house of the God of Jacob; and he will teach us of his ways, and we will walk in his paths; for out of Zion shall go forth the law, and the word of the Lord from Jerusalem.59

It is evident that Joseph knew this prophecy concerned the church he had restored. In March of 1831, which was before section 84 was given, the Lord revealed to Joseph an event that would take place before the Second Coming: "Zion shall flourish upon the hills and rejoice upon the mountains, and shall be assembled together unto the place which I have appointed."60 Better yet, I have already demonstrated that Joseph Smith knew, and correctly prophesied, the events that would take place. Why don't we look at some of the statements of others who also knew, and which bear witness of the validity of the prophetic calling of Joseph Smith, Jr.

   * In 1832, Joseph Smith gave a blessing to Paulina Eliza Phelps who recalled, "In blessing me Joseph said that I should live to go to the Rocky Mountains. I did not know at the time what the term 'Rocky Mountains' meant, but I supposed it to be something connected with the Indians. This frightened me for the reason that I dreaded the very sight of an Indian."61
   * "The Prophet [Joseph] came to our home (in Nauvoo) and stopped in our carpenter shop and stood by the turning lathe. I went and got my map for him 'Now' he said, 'I will show you the travels of this people.' He then showed our travels through Iowa, and said, 'Here you will make a place for the winter; and here you will travel west until you come to the valley of the Great Salt Lake! You will build cities to the North and to the South, and to the East and to the West; and you will become a great and wealthy people in that land.'"62
   * "I want to say to you before the Lord [said Joseph] that you know no more concerning the destinies of this Church and Kingdom than a babe upon its mother's lap. You don't comprehend it. It is only a little handful of Priesthood you see here tonight, but this Church will fill North and South America- it will fill the world. It will fill the Rocky Mountains. There will be tens of thousands of Latter-day Saints who will be gathered in the Rocky Mountains, and there they will open the door for the establishing of the Gospel among the Lamanites.... This people will go into the Rocky Mountains; they will there build temples to the Most High. They will raise up a posterity there, and the Latter-day Saints who dwell in these mountains will stand in the flesh until the coming of the Son of Man. The Son of Man will come to them while in the Rocky Mountains."63
   * "In late August 1842 while at Montrose Iowa Joseph prophesied saying, "I prophesied that the Saints would continue to suffer much affliction and would be driven to the Rocky Mountains. Many would apostatize; others would be put to death by our persecutors or lose their lives in consequence of exposure or disease, and some of you will live to go and assist in making settlements, and build cities, and see the Saints become a mighty people, in the midst of the Rockv Mountains.""64
   * "I had before seen him in a vision and now saw while he was talking his countenance change to white; not the deadly white of a bloodless face, but a living, brilliant white. He seemed absorbed in gazing at something at a great distance, and said: 'I am gazing upon the valleys of those mountains.... Oh the beauty of those snow-capped mountains! The cool refreshing streams that are running down through those mountain gorges!' Then, `gazing in another direction, as if there was a change in locality Joseph said 'Oh the scenes that this people will pass through! The dead that will lie between here and there!' Then turning in another direction as if the scene had again changed Joseph said, 'Oh the apostasy that will take place before my brethren reach that land! But the priesthood shall prevail over all its enemies, triumph over the devil and be established upon the earth, never more to be thrown down!'… It is impossible to represent in words the grandeur of Joseph's appearance. his beautiful descriptions of this land, and his wonderful prophetic utterances as they emanated from that glorious inspirations that overshadowed him. There was a force and power in his exclamations."65
   * "After the death of Joseph Smith, when it seemed as if every trouble and calamity had come upon the Saints, Brigham Young . . . sought the Lord to know what they should do, and where they should lead the people for safety, and while they were fasting and praying daily on this subject. President Young had a vision of Joseph Smith, who showed him the mountain that we now call Ensign Peak, immediately north of Salt Lake City, and there . . . an ensign [flag] fell upon that peak, and Joseph said, 'Build under the point where the colors fall and you will prosper and have peace.' "66

Remember that the Lord has declared that His word will be established in the mouth of two or more witnesses.67 Joseph Smith said, concerning being driven from Missouri:

   * They would be driven even by bloodshed
   * They would go to the Rocky Mountains
   * They would first lay the foundation of Zion (buying land)
   * They would return to accept Zion as an inheritance
   * He did not know the time of their return

Everything Joseph Smith said concerning Zion and Missouri has come true. McKeever and Johnson loose this argument from every conceivable point of view. There are too many witnesses to Joseph's prophetic calling to dismiss it as easily as M&J have done. As far as the building of the temple, we still look forward to that day when it shall be built. To condemn D&C 84 as false prophecy is the same as condemning the Bible and all of its prophets, including Jesus Christ. Joseph Smith was a prophet of the Lord. He spoke the same language, using the same words, with the same meaning, as the ancient prophets did. The Bible vindicates Joseph Smith as a true prophet of God.

Specific Comments Concerning Section 87

McKeever and Johnson make the same mistake as the other critics who deny Joseph Smith as a prophet of God. They reject him first, then try to make the quotes, documentation, history, and facts fit that premise. They never seem willing to look at the quotes, documentation, history, and facts before making judgement. Let's correct their mistake, and look at the evidence first.

McKeever & Johnson: It should be noted that Smith's prediction was not all that unique. One month prior to the alleged revelation, the newspaper Painesville Telegraph printed a story in which it predicted the secession of South Carolina and an eventual War Between the States. South Carolina had been making such threats for some time, and many felt it was only a matter of time before South Carolina would act on its threat.

McKeever and Johnson's biggest concern seems to be that rumors of war were around during the time Joseph Smith made the Civil War Prophecy, and in their minds, this invalidates the prophecy. This only shows that M&J do not understand prophecy. I have to ask, just how does this invalidate the prophecy? McKeever and Johnson never explain that.

No American statesman in 1832 believed that the doctrines of secession then talked of would result in a great civil war. None of them had the foresight to see that a great rebellion would occur, beginning in South Carolina; that it would terminate in the death and misery of many souls; that the Southern States would be divided against the Northern States; that the Southern States would call on Great Britain, and that war would eventually be poured out upon all nations. No one foresaw that this would be the result except Joseph Smith--when but twenty-seven years of age--and he saw it only by the spirit of prophecy and revelation. To be required to believe that the prophecy was merely the fortunate conjecture of a more than ordinary astute mind, requires a greater amount of credulity than to concede the inspiration of the Prophet; and then the question would still remain, why is it that sagacious minds in other generations have not paralleled this astuteness of Joseph Smith's? Why did not some of the brilliant minds in the Senate or House of Representatives in 1832 make such a prediction? There was not a lack of brilliant minds in either Senate or House at that time, yet none seemed equal to the task.68

The fact that there were rumors of war is in fact a fulfillment of prophecy itself!69 The question is not were there rumors of war, but the question should be, did the events take place just as Joseph Smith said they would. As soon as Joseph uttered the words "Thus saith the Lord" he was tied to the prophecy being true or false, and if the events did not happen as he said, then, and only then, could it be declared a false prophecy.

It was because of this fact that the Lord made known to Joseph Smith this revelation stating that wars would shortly come to pass, beginning with the rebellion of South Carolina, which would eventually terminate in war being poured out upon all nations and in the death and misery of many souls. It may have been an easy thing in 1832, or even 1831, for someone to predict that there would come a division of the Northern States and the Southern States, for even then there were rumblings, and South Carolina had shown the spirit of rebellion. It was not, however, within the power of man to predict in the detail which the Lord revealed to Joseph Smith, what was shortly to come to pass as an outgrowth of the Civil War and the pouring out of war upon all nations. It must be conceded that no one, except Joseph Smith, ever entered into such detail in relation to this conflict or stated with such assurance that the time would come when all nations would be involved in war, The revelation begins with these words: "Verily, thus saith the Lord, concerning the wars that will shortly come to pass beginning at the rebellion of South Carolina, which will eventually terminate in the death and misery of many souls; and the time will come that war will be poured out upon all nations, beginning at this place." This, certainly, is a bold prediction which no one, other than Joseph Smith, dared to make.70

McKeever and Johnson are correct that there was a threat of rebellion in South Carolina at the time of this revelation. But the rebellion never materialized the way in which the rumors indicated, and the threat ended shortly afterwards. After the threat was ended, Joseph Smith never retracted this prophecy, showing he still expected it to be fulfilled, and he was correct. Let's take a quick overview of this prophecy, then we'll look at actual history to see if it came to pass. The following is from D&C 87, with my comments shown in italics:

Verily, thus saith the Lord concerning the wars that will shortly come to pass,( this prophecy is about more than one war, hence the word "wars") beginning at the rebellion of South Carolina (the first war this prophecy is talking about is the Civil War) which will eventually terminate in the death and misery of many souls (these wars will bring death, maiming of bodies, loss of property, homes, destruction, disease, etc.)

And the time will come that war will be poured out upon all nations (our critics don't seem to be able to understand simple English, for "The time will come" is not the same as "because of the Civil War") beginning at this place (emphasizing again that the first war will be started in South Carolina, the "beginning" being the start of the plural "wars")

For behold, the Southern States shall be divided against the Northern States (still speaking of the first war, this is speaking of the Confederate and Union armies) and the Southern States will call on other nations, even the nation of Great Britain (nations is plural, and the Confederacy, the Southern States, called upon England and France. It does not say the nations called upon will participate in battle as our critics interpret this) and they shall also call upon other nations ("they" are England and France, the "nations" that the Southern States would call upon, this word is used as an identifier, not a word which makes reference to a continuation of a single series of events), in order to defend themselves against other nations; and then war shall be poured out upon all nations. (England and France, who will call upon other nations, who will help in the defense, and thus there will be many nations involved in world war)

And it shall come to pass, after many days (after the war had started), slaves shall rise up against their masters, who shall be marshaled and disciplined for war. (back to the first war, the Civil war; 186,397 of African decent fought on the side of the Union, against their former masters)

And it shall come to pass also that the remnants who are left of the land will marshal themselves, and shall become exceedingly angry, and shall vex the Gentiles with a sore vexation. (this is in reference to the wars with the Indians and the Mexicans)

And thus, with the sword and by bloodshed the inhabitants of the earth shall mourn (back to "wars," talking about the earth as a whole, not the Northern or Southern States); and with famine, and plague, and earthquake, and the thunder of heaven, and the fierce and vivid lightning also, shall the inhabitants of the earth be made to feel the wrath, and indignation, and chastening hand of an Almighty God, until the consumption decreed hath made a full end of all nations; (great destruction and disease which is the result of war, and natural disasters, this includes those of the future as well as of the past. -- according to the Bible, this is the way God "chastises" nations - through war and disasters)

That the cry of the saints, and of the blood of the saints, shall cease to come up into the ears of the Lord of Sabaoth, from the earth, to be avenged of their enemies. (during the times of these wars, the violent persecution of the Saints would cease, therefore the prayers concerning their enemies, retribution, revenge, and redress would cease as their concerns would be placed elsewhere)

Wherefore, stand ye in holy places, and be not moved, (the Saints moved to the mountains of the west, thus were somewhat protected against the war, and they were not forced to move again.)

until the day of the Lord come; for behold, it cometh quickly, saith the Lord. Amen. (second coming, yet future)

Evidently, McKeever and Johnson do not know how to look at a text and correctly interpret what it says. Naturally, one cannot expect McKeever and Johnson to correctly interpret section 87 when they think it is only about the Civil War, when in actuality it is about numerous wars, beginning with the rebellion starting in South Carolina. Carefully reading verse one would show that is the case.

The revelation containing the prophecy was given on December 25, 1832. The first shot fired in the American Civil War was fired on April 12, 1861. Hence, the prediction preceded the war by 28 years. Ten years before the war began, the prophecy was published in England and circulated both in that country and in the United States. There can be no question, therefore, as to the prophecy preceding the event.

McKeever & Johnson: Great Britain never had to "call upon other nations, in order to defend themselves against other nations."

Nowhere does the prophecy state that other nations will fight for the Southern States, only that the Southern States would call upon other nations. There is no statement of the results of the "call." The Confederacy did in fact, call upon Great Britain and France. This is a matter of historic record. This came true, no matter how you look at it. McKeever and Johnson are making assumptions based upon statements never made, something common among critics. In other words, they are trying to claim a false prophecy based upon what was not said.

Every student of United States history is acquainted with the facts establishing a complete fulfilment of this prophecy. In 1861, more than twenty-eight years after the foregoing prediction was recorded, and ten years after its publication in England, the Civil War broke out. It is known the Confederate States solicited aid of Great Britain. While no open alliance between the Southern States and the English government was effected, British influence gave indirect assistance and substantial encouragement to the South, and this in such a way as to produce serious international complications. Vessels were built and equipped at British ports in the interests of the Confederacy; and the results of this violation of the laws of neutrality cost Great Britain fifteen and a half millions of dollars, which sum was awarded the United States at the Geneva arbitration in settlement of the Alabama claims. The Confederacy appointed commissioners to Great Britain and France; these appointees were forcibly taken by United States officers from the British steamer on which they had embarked. This act, which the United States government had to admit as overt, threatened for a time to precipitate a war between this nation and Great Britain.71

Let's look at some of the other elements of this prophecy from a historical basis. Death and Misery of Many Souls

Significantly, the prophesy warns of "the death and misery of many souls." The Civil War was, indeed, a bloody war, resulting in about 204,000 battle casualties plus another 225,000 military personnel who died of disease. This number actually well exceeds the American battle deaths (128,000) in World War I. In World War II, there were 396,637 battle deaths.72

Here are some figures concerning another war (World War I).

Authoritative tables give the grand total of all armies mobilized at 59,176,864. Direct military deaths out of this number are set down as 7,781,806; the wounded at 18,681,257; prisoners and missing 7,080,580; making a total of direct military casualties of 33,434,443. This is only a statement of military casualties however. The same authority sets down the number of civilians as being greater from famine, disease, and massacres than those who fell in the military operations. Of these two classes are named: civilians who were killed by direct military causes, and those who died from indirect causes. Of the first class the number was 100,082; and the second--those who died from indirect causes, among the Armenians, Syrians, Jews, and Greeks--massacred or starved by the Turks--are numbered at 4,000,000. The deaths numbered beyond the normal mortality of influenza and pneumonia induced by the war is placed at 4,000,000. The Serbians who died through diseases, or massacre, numbered 1,085,441. Making the total of deaths in these two classes 9,085,441, so that with military deaths and civilian deaths, resulting from the war, make a grand total of 16,967,329 deaths. And of the more than 18,000,000 who were wounded in battle 30% or about 6,000,000, were made permanent human wrecks.73

This was just one war! With all the wars that have come and gone since this revelation was given, surely McKeever and Johnson can have no argument of the statement, "death and misery of many souls." War Poured Out on Other Nations

Following the Civil War the nations, in their great alarm because of the new methods of warfare which were being developed and their fear of other nations, entered into alliances and secret agreements in order to protect themselves from other nations. At the outbreak of the World War, these alliances had reached proportions never before known, and during the war other alliances were made until nearly every nation on the earth had taken sides with the Triple Alliance or the Triple Entente. It was during the period of the World War, 1914-1918, Great Britain made her appeal to the nations to come to the defense of the standard of Democracy. Her pleadings were heard round the world. And what is still more remarkable, the entire procedure conforms exactly to the prediction made by Joseph Smith, viz: "they shall also call upon other nations in order to defend themselves against other nations." A plurality of nations aligned and allied on both sides of the deadly conflict.74

This revelation was not just about the American Civil War. The revelation makes that very clear by first stating in verse one, "thus saith the Lord concerning the wars that will shortly come to pass." Notice that the word used is wars (plural), not war (singular), thereby "suggesting not one war but a continuum of conflict. Thus, like chapter 24 of Matthew, this scripture covered things both imminent and distant."75 Of course, in our own time, we could add the war in Vietnam, Afghanistan, Iran and Iraq, civil wars in Central America, Lebanon, the British-Argentine conflict, Desert Storm, etc. Remnants

In our several Indian uprisings since the close of the Civil War, many see the fulfillment of that part of the prophecy which declares that the "remnants who are left of the land [the American Indians] will marshal themselves, and shall become exceeding angry, and shall vex the Gentiles with a sore vexation."76 Slaves

In the part taken by negroes in the war between the states, many see the fulfillment of the prediction of the revelation that "slaves shall rise up against their masters, who shall be marshaled and disciplined for war;" for of the 2,653,000 soldiers enlisted on the side of the Union, 186,397 were colored, and many of them saw active service in the field against their former masters.77 Publication of D&C 87

McKeever & Johnson: While Smith's prediction was published in the Pearl of Great Price in 1851, the Pearl of Great Price did not become a part of the standard works until 1880. Smith's prophecy on war did not become a part of the D&C until 1876, more than a decade after the Civil war had ended. (12 Encyclopedia of Mormonism "Civil War Prophecy.")

Without coming out and directly saying so, McKeever and Johnson are attempting to give the impression that the church withheld this prophecy from the public until after the Civil war was over. The prophecy was not "shelved" as McKeever and Johnson insinuate here. There was no attempt to cover up the revelation as McKeever and Johnson are attempting to allude.

Section 87 was not published by the Church until 1851and was not canonized until 1876. It was, however, copied and circulated by some Church leaders and missionaries in the 1830s. The Civil War prophecy became one of the most widely published revelations in the Doctrine and Covenants. Not surprisingly, it received greatest attention during the Civil War, as many viewed the conflict as a vindication of the prophetic powers of Joseph Smith.78

Notice that my quote comes from the very same source McKeever and Johnson used. It is disingenuous to purposely use partial evidence, instead of the full account, in order to deceive your audience into believing something is, or is not true, especially when you clearly have that information available.79 But to continue, Brigham Young explained why D&C 87 was intentionally left out of the 1835 edition of the Doctrine and Covenants.

It was not wisdom to publish it to the world, and it remained in the private escritoire. Brother Joseph had that revelation concerning this nation at a time when the brethren were reflecting and reasoning with regard to African slavery on this continent, and the slavery of the children of men throughout the world. There are other revelations, besides this one, not yet published to the world. In the due time of the Lord, the Saints and the world will be privileged with the revelations that are due to them. They now have many more than they are worthy of, for they do not observe them.80

McKeever & Johnson: D&C 87:8 says the day of the Lord would come quickly, and many LDS leaders preached sermons during the Civil War anticipating the desolation of the United States. When that did not happen, Smith's prophecy on war was given a broader interpretation.

There are three points to this statement.

  1. The prophecy was given a broader interpretation. On the contrary, it is McKeever and Johnson, along with other critics, who "restrict" the interpretation of prophecy. Ignoring evidence, taking quotes out of context, dismissing LDS beliefs and history, and a refusal to be honest about the evidence metes out this restriction. Latter-day Saints have always had the same interpretation of these events, as the quotes used by McKeever and Johnson indicate.
  2. The day of the Lord would come quickly. Here again, McKeever and Johnson repeat their double standard. If Joseph Smith is a false prophet for so stating, then so are the New Testament writers. "But, beloved, be not ignorant of this one thing, that one day is with the Lord as a thousand years, and a thousand years as one day."81 Who are we to judge the Lord's timing? His time is not our time. Joseph Smith never gave a time for the second coming. His words in this section of the Doctrine and Covenants are very much in accordance with Biblical prophecies and teachings in this regard. The Lord was only repeating to Joseph Smith what He had said before.
  3. The desolation of the United States did not take place. I have already shown the casualties from the Civil War. But what does this have to do with the prophecy in question? The word "desolation" is not in the prophecy, neither is the term "United States." In fact, the revelation only makes reference to "the inhabitants of the earth," not the United States, when it speaks of destruction or suffering. Again, McKeever and Johnson are attempting to discredit this prophecy based upon words never uttered. 

However, there was desolation in the United States. Any student of American history is aware of that. The bloodiest war the United States ever went through, even to this day, was the Civil War. Natural disasters most certainly have occurred, and continue to do so. McKeever and Johnson know not of what they speak. I suggest that they read some history books. They could also check into medical reports of the time. There was, besides the bloodshed of the Civil War, disease, and disasters.

The "plague," or Asiatic cholera, which first broke out in India, spread also throughout the United States in that same year. One historian, speaking of its ravages in the United States, says: "It was on the 21st of June, 1832, that the eastern plague, known as the Asiatic cholera, made its first appearance in the United states, in the city of New York. Its rapid spread produced universal panic, though it was less fatal in the South Atlantic states than in the north and in the valley of the Mississippi. Thousands of persons of all ages and conditions died of it within a few months. The most robust constitutions in many instances became victims of its malignancy within thirty-six hours from it first attack." (History U. S., Stephens, p. 450)82

Natural disasters have taken their toll upon America as well. Since, as usual with critics being only partially forthcoming with evidence and documentation, McKeever and Johnson took their comment about "desolation" out of context and did not mention that when the early leaders of the church spoke about "desolation," they were usually speaking in reference to the redress of wrongs against the members of the church in Missouri. Let's be specific and examine some of Missouri's desolation. Earthquake History of Missouri

Most of Missouri's earthquake activity has been concentrated in the southeast corner of the State, which lies within the New Madrid seismic zone.

The record of earthquakes in Missouri prior to the nineteenth century is virtually nonexistent; however, there is a geologic evidence that the New Madrid seismic zone has had a long history of activity.

On January 4, 1843, a severe earthquake in the New Madrid area cracked chimneys and walls at Memphis, Tennessee. One building reportedly collapsed. The earth sank at some places near New Madrid; there was an unverified report that two hunters were drowned during the formation of a lake. The total felt area included at least 1,036,000 square kilometers.

The October 31, 1895, earthquake near Charleston, Missouri, probably ranks second in intensity to the 1811-12 series. Every building in the commercial area of Charleston was damaged. Cairo, Illinois, and Memphis, Tennessee, also suffered significant damage. Near Charleston, 4 acres of ground sank and a lake was formed. The shock was felt over all or portions of 23 states and at some places in Canada.

A moderate earthquake on April 9, 1917, in the Ste. Genevieve - St. Marys area was reportedly felt over a 518,000 square kilometer area from Kansas to Ohio and Wisconsin to Mississippi. In the epicentral area people ran into the street, windows were broken, and plaster cracked. A second shock of lesser intensity was felt in the southern part of the area.

The small railroad town of Rodney, Missouri, experienced a strong earthquake on August 19, 1934. At nearby Charleston, windows were broken, chimneys were overthrown or damaged, and articles were knocked from shelves. Similar effects were observed at Cairo, Mounds and Mound City, Illinois, and at Wickliff, Kentucky. The area of destructive intensity included more than 596 square kilometers.

The November 9, 1968, earthquake centered in southern Illinois was the strongest in the central United States since 1895. The magnitude 5.5 shock caused moderate damage to chimneys and walls at Hermann, St. Charles, St. Louis, and Sikeston, Missouri. The felt areas include all or portions of 23 states. (Earthquake Information Bulletin, Volume 6, Number 3, May-June 1974, by Carl A. von Hake).83

Besides earthquakes, let's not forget "Tornado Alley." Tornadoes are relatively common in Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Tennessee, and Texas.

Missouri suffered more than just natural disasters. Let's examine the "desolation" which came as a direct result of the Civil War? The Saints appealed to the government of Missouri, to no avail. They then went to the federal government with petitions of redress.

Joseph sent word to the Saints to prepare affidavits of their recent experiences with the design of securing redress from the federal government for the losses they had suffered in Missouri at the hands of mobocrats. In 1839, Church members commenced writing affidavits of their Missouri experiences and swearing to their authenticity before civil authorities, including justices of the peace, clerks of the court, clerks of the circuit court, clerks of county commissioner's courts, and notary publics in two counties in Iowa and ten counties in Illinois. Thus the Saints took every precaution to send sworn, legal documents authenticated by the seals of local government officials. They even sent documents authenticating the officials themselves. During the ensuing years the Mormons presented these documents to the federal government in an effort to obtain reparation for their sufferings in Missouri.84

When it comes to redress, we need to ask some questions. Just what would be sufficient for redress? What damage was done? What were the Saints asking for? How many people were affected? "It is estimated that 12,000 - 15,000 Saints were driven from Missouri. This collection represents petitions made by only 678."85

It is difficult to determine the total petitions actually submitted to Congress. While in Washington, D.C. in 1840, Joseph Smith presented to Congress "about 491 claims against Missouri…leaving a multitude more of similar bills" (HC 4:74). This information was taken from a register prepared for Joseph Smith by Thomas Bullock. The register is five pages long and contains the names and amounts each petitioner hoped to receive as compensation from the federal government. On the final page Bullock totals the dollar amount claimed by the Saints, $2,381,984.51, and writes in parentheses, "491 bills."

Of the 678 petitioners, 98 make no monetary claim against Missouri. The remaining 576 (85 percent) claim a total of $2,275,789, for an average of $3,761 per person. Claims in land total $197,911; claims for improvements and property, defined as livestock, houses, personal property, etc., come to $197,127; and non-specific claims total $92,339.86

This did not, however, result in redress. Joseph Smith understood how the government worked. This country is a Republic. Besides the Federal Government, there are State Governments. It was the government of the state of Missouri that had transgressed against the Saints. Since Missouri transgressed, it was Missouri that was responsible for redress. As the second Article of Faith states, "We believe that men will be punished for their own sins, and not for Adam's transgression." This puts forth the principle that we are responsible for our own actions. This is also a scriptural principle. The Bible tells us, "...as it is written in the law in the book of Moses, where the Lord commanded, saying, The fathers shall not die for the children, neither shall the children die for the fathers, but every man shall die for his own sin."87 The scriptures continue to teach this principle. "The soul that sinneth, it shall die. The son shall not bear the iniquity of the father, neither shall the father bear the iniquity of the son: the righteousness of the righteous shall be upon him, and the wickedness of the wicked shall be upon him."88 We are all accountable for our own sins, and not those of another.89 Murder, rape, robbery, assault, kidnapping etc. are not only crimes in the law, but they are sins according to the scriptures. These crimes are what the government of Missouri is responsible for in regards to redress to the Saints. Even the governor of the state, Lilburn W. Boggs, participated in the wrongs against the Saints with his illegal and unconstitutional "extermination order."90

The government of Missouri was responsible for redress, not the federal government. The reason Joseph Smith went to the federal government was because that is the legal process in this country, and he was working within the law. Put in proper perspective, Joseph Smith prophesied that the state of Missouri would suffer heavy destruction, even its government, in "a few years" if the wrongs against the Saints were not redressed. Even though the Saints complied with all legal methods, the state of Missouri never did redress the crimes committed against them.

I am not just rambling here. You might ask, what, besides the out of context statement by M&J, does this have to do with the Civil War prophecy? It might be "out of context," but it is related. As a result, a few years later (28 years), shots were fired in South Carolina starting the American Civil War. Missouri was a divided state, even before the war began. There were those who had slaves as well as those opposed to slavery. Because the state wanted to remain neutral on the issue of slavery, they raised their own army to protect themselves from both the Union and the Confederacy. At the end of the Civil War, this army did not exist, the government of the state was powerless to protect its citizens, thus it was destroyed. In reference to the government of Missouri, Brigham Young made a statement in reference to fulfillment of this prophecy. "The whole Government is gone; it is as weak as water. I heard Joseph Smith say, nearly thirty years ago, 'They shall have mobbing to their heart's content, if they do not redress the wrongs of the Latter-day Saints.'"91

How was Missouri affected by the Civil War? In 1861, the first year of the war, of the 157 engagements and battles listed in the Army Register, 66 were in Missouri (over 42%). Missouri saw more action than VA and WV combined in 1861.92 Speaking of the situation in Missouri in 1861, the outgoing governor, Robert M. Stewart, in his address to the legislature, and referring to Missouri and her right to be heard on the slavery question, said:

Missouri has a right to speak on this subject, because she has suffered. Bounded on three sides by free territory, her border counties have been the frequent scenes of kidnapping and violence, and this state has probably lost as much, in the last two years, in the abduction of slaves, as all the rest of the southern states. At this moment several of the western counties are desolated, and almost depopulated, from fear of a bandit horde, who have been committing depredations--arson, theft, and foul murder--upon the adjacent border.93

There were more results of the Civil War upon Missouri.

Guerrilla bands, some loyal to the North, others with allegiance to the South, engaged in some of the most widespread, longest-lived and most destructive guerrilla warfare of the Civil War. The war had the effect of brutalizing its participants. Soldiers who, on only months before sat in church pews singing hymns, and who would return to those same pews after the war, found themselves capable of unspeakable atrocities.

Individuals and families suspected of opposing sympathies were murdered. Homes and businesses were looted and burned. Civilians and fighters, men, women, and children were swept into the nightmare. Soldiers who returned home after the war often found nothing left. Whole families had fled to safer areas. Homes had been burned, fences torn down and used for firewood and livestock slaughtered or gone wild. Weeds and undergrowth overran what once had been fertile fields.94

Four years after the war closed, some years of which were prosperous, it is disclosed by the official statistics that the taxable property in Missouri, was $46,000,000 less than it was in 1860.95 $46,000,000 is a lot more destruction than the $2,275,789 the Saints were seeking in redress. God not only reaped destruction upon Missouri for its criminal and sinful acts against the Saints, but in His wisdom he protected the Saints during this destruction. After the Civil War had raged for nearly a year, President Young acknowledged that the Saints were much better off in the West.

"Had we not been persecuted, we would now be in the midst of the wars and bloodshed that are desolating the nation, instead of where we are, comfortable located in our peaceful dwellings in these silent, far off mountains and valleys. Instead of seeing my brethren comfortably seated around me to-day, many of them would be found in the front ranks on the battle field. I realize the blessings of God in our present safety. We are greatly blessed, greatly favored and greatly exalted, while our enemies, who sought to destroy us, are being humbled."96

These two prophecies that McKeever and Johnson bring up in their book are connected. The Saints were forced to leave what was then known as the United States, and thus were protected during the Civil War and thus the Church was allowed to gain a foothold and have a firm foundation upon which to build. Everything occurred just as Joseph Smith prophesied it would. The wisdom of the Lord is greater than mans.

Conclusion

Most of Christianity today claim that there are not supposed to be any more prophets after Christ's day. But this belief is firmly rooted in tradition, not the Bible. The Bible teaches the opposite of this traditional belief. "Surely the Lord God will do nothing, but he revealeth his secret unto his servants the prophets."97 God has always had direct dealings with man, through the prophets and through revelation. "Am I a God at hand, saith the Lord, and not a God afar off?"98 The Lord is the one who directs His Church, not man. This is accomplished through prophets. This is the process God uses, and has used since the time of Adam. "As he spake by the mouth of his holy prophets, which have been since the world began."99 Since "God will do nothing" except through "his servants the prophets" and He is, after all, "at hand" and not "afar off," and prophets have been "since the world began," it is only logical, and biblically correct, to expect God to have the same relationship with man today.

Christianity claims that God does not change. This is a statement that Latter-Day Saints agree with. Yet, while making this claim, most of Christianity says God has changed. They claim we do not need prophets because Christ came and finished establishing and directing the "church." Christ did not come to do away with prophets, as traditional Christians claim. "Think not that I am come to destroy the law, or the prophets: I am not come to destroy, but to fulfil. For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, til all be fulfilled."100 How important are prophets? If there were no prophets, mankind would be destroyed, in a spiritual sense. "Where there is no vision, the people perish."101

Those who oppose Joseph Smith as a prophet (like McKeever and Johnson), do not oppose past prophets, but the prophets who are living in their time. This is also what happened to Christ, who proclaimed that He was the Son of God. It was the religious leaders who opposed Christ the hardest. The very same religious leaders who claimed to know and understand the scriptures. These same religious leaders actually were around to witness the miracles of Christ, yet they persecuted him. Christ understood that the Pharisees believed in the past prophets (like the traditional Christians today) while denying that a prophet could exist in the present time (again, just like the traditional Christian today). In His own words, Jesus said these religious leaders have the appearance of righteousness, yet were full of iniquity.

Even so ye also outwardly appear righteous unto men, but within ye are full of hypocrisy and iniquity. Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! because ye build the tombs of the prophets, and garnish the sepulchres of the righteous, And say, If we had been in the days of our fathers, we would not have been partakers with them in the blood of the prophets. Wherefore ye be witnesses unto yourselves, that ye are the children of them which killed the prophets. Fill ye up then the measure of your fathers. Ye serpents, ye generation of vipers, how can ye escape the damnation of hell? Wherefore, behold, I send unto you prophets, and wise men, and scribes: and some of them ye shall kill and crucify; and some of them shall ye scourge in your synagogues, and persecute them from city to city:102

The same thing is true of Joseph Smith, and traditional Christians follow this pattern today. They proclaim to believe in Christ, but deny living prophets (such as Joseph Smith) who proclaim they have seen Christ and know He is the Savior, and proclaim it to the world.

Just because someone claims to be a prophet does not mean that we should automatically accept him as such. McKeever and Johnson are correct in their unwritten premise that we need to test modern prophets against what the Lord has already revealed in scripture. Their problem however, is that in accepting the traditional belief that there can be no more prophets, they then twist the words of the modern prophet, and ignore the words of the past prophets, in order to justify their traditional belief.

Endnotes

7 Actually, I already know. The list of "false prophecies" is easily available from critics. I have done a lot of research regarding these prophecies, and written extensively about them in forums on the Internet and local bulletin boards over the past several years. I have yet to find a false prophecy made by the prophet Joseph Smith.

33 D&C 58:6-7.

34 D&C 58:44.

35 D&C 105:13.

36 D&C 63:27, 29.

37 Joseph Smith, History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Vol. 3 (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Company, 1978), XLIII, footnotes, states as follows: "These estimates are by the late President George A. Smith, Church Historian, and hence are entirely reliable. They are quoted by Lucien Carr in his History of Missouri, "American Commonwealths," p. 181, and are also to be found in an Historical Address by George A. Smith, Journal of Discourses, Vol. XIII. pp. 103. et seq."

38 D&C 58:4.

39 D&C 63: 28.

40 Joseph Smith, History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Vol. 3 (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Company, 1978), 427.

41 Ibid., Vol. 5, 494.

42 D&C 101:17.

43 D&C 38:19-20, emphasis added.

44 D&C 101:18, emphasis added.

45 See also Luke 1:73, John 8:39, Romans 4:1, Romans 4:16, and James 2:21 for scriptural understanding of this principle that children can be a descendant in any number of generations.

46 Genesis 17:5, emphasis added.

47 Acts 7:2, emphasis added.

48 John 8:53-57, emphasis added.

49 D&C 97:19.

50 D&C 38.

51 Ibid., 58.

52 D&C 97:1.

53 Jeremiah 26 and 1 Chronicles 21.

54 Parley P. Pratt, The Autobiography of Parley Parker Pratt, One of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Embracing His Life, Ministry and Travels, With extracts, in Prose and Verse, from his Miscellaneous Writings (Salt Lake City, Deseret Book Company, 1985), 77.

55 D&C 100:13.

56 Hyrum M. Smith and Janne M. Sjodahl, The Doctrine and Covenants Commentary (Salt Lake City, Deseret Book Company, 1954), 634.

57 Joseph Smith, Teachings of the Prophet Joseph Smith, edited by Joseph Fielding Smith (Salt Lake City; Deseret Book Company, 1976), 33.

58 McKeever and Johnson use only two verses of D&C 84 in their argument. It is little wonder that they have no clue concerning the subject of Zion. If they really were interested in understanding the LDS view of Zion, they should have read D&C sections 38, 49, 58, 63, 84, 87, 88, 94, 95, 97, 100, 101, 105, 124, and 128. They purposely left out all this information (I am sure they have a copy of the D&C, while most of their readers probably do not) in order to mislead their readers about what Joseph Smith really said. Just as a matter of point, I quote from every single one of these sections in my rebuttal.

59 Isaiah 2:2-3.

60 D&C 49:25.

61 Photocopy of a signed affidavit by Paulina Elizabeth Phelps Lyman, witnessed on 31 July 1903 by James Jack, notary.

62 Mosiah Hancock Autobiography, Typescript, BYU Library, Special Collections, 28-29.

63 Wilford Woodruff, Discourses of Wilford Woodruff, compiled by G. Homer Durham (Salt Lake City, Bookcraft, 1946), 38-39.

64 Joseph Smith, History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Vol. 5 (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Company, 1978), 85-86.

65 Autobiography of Anson Call, BYU Library, Special Collections, 6-7, 18-19.

66 George A. Smith, "Historical Discourse," Journal of Discourses, reported by David W. Evans 20 June 1869, Vol. 13 (London: Latter-Day Saint's Book Depot, 1871), 85-86.

67 Matthew 18:16 and 2 Corinthians 13:1.

68 B.H. Roberts, New Witnesses for God, Vol. 1 (Salt Lake City: Deseret News, 1909), 319.

69 Matthew 24:6-7.

70 Joseph Fielding Smith, Church History and Modern Revelation: Being a Course of Study for the Melchizedek Priesthood Quorums for the Years 1947-1950, Vol. 2, (Salt Lake City: Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1947), 123.

71 James E. Talmage, A Study of the Articles of Faith (Salt Lake City: Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1978), 25-26.

72 Neal A. Maxwell, Sermons Not Spoken (Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1985), 66.

73 B.H. Roberts, Comprehensive History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Vol. 1, (Orem, Utah: Sonos Publishing, 1991), 302.

74 Joseph Fielding Smith, Church History and Modern Revelation: Being a Course of Study for the Melchizedek Priesthood Quorums for the Years 1947-1950, Vol. 2, (Salt Lake City: Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1947), 125.

75 Neal A. Maxwell, Sermons Not Spoken (Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1985), 66.

76 B.H. Roberts, Comprehensive History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Vol. 1, (Orem, Utah: Sonos Publishing, 1991), 303.

77 Ibid., 302-303.

78 Paul H. Peterson, "Civil War Prophecy," Encyclopedia of Mormonism, edited by Daniel H. Ludlow (New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1992), 1:288.

79 But then, the truth doesn't sell as much in the bookstores as does anti-Mormon polemic. I had someone, whose name I cannot remember, tell me that one time he had asked a Christian Bookstore owner why he sold anti-Mormon material, which was full of untruths about the Church. He offered to supply him with real LDS material, such as the Book of Mormon, Articles of Faith, A Marvelous Work and a Wonder, Miracle of Forgiveness, Doctrine and Covenants, etc., and was turned down. The explanation he received for refusal to stock LDS material was that no one would buy them. Since I was told that story, I inquired the same thing locally, and received the same response. They didn't care about the truth, only the money that would be generated.

80 Brigham Young, "Privileges of the Sabbath, Etc.," Journal of Discourses, reported by G.D. Watt 20 May 1860, Vol. 8 (London: Latter-Day Saint's Book Depot, 1861), 58.

81 2 Peter 3:8.

82 Joseph Smith, History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Vol. 1 (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Company, 1978), 312, footnotes.

83 http://wwwneic.cr.usgs.gov/neis/states/missouri/missouri_history.html

84 Mormon Redress Petitions, (Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University, 1992), xix.

85 Ibid., xxv.

86 Ibid., xxiii.

87 2 Chronicles 25:4, emphasis added.

88 Ezekiel 18:20, emphasis added.

89 See Deuteronomy 24:16 and 2 Kings 14:6.

90 The infamous "Extermination Order" issued by Governor Boggs was rescinded by Governor Christopher S. Bond on June 25, 1976.

91 Brigham Young, "True Testimony, Etc.," Journal of Discourses, reported by G.D. Watt 6 April 1861, Vol. 9 (London: Latter-Day Saint's Book Depot, 1862), 5.

92 http://www.usmo.com/~momollus/battles.htm

93 Joseph Smith, History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Vol. 3 (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Company, 1978), LXIII.

94 Southeast Missouri Regional Planning & Economic Development Commission, A Guide to Civil War Activities in the Southeast Missouri Region, found at http://www.rosecity.net/civilwar/home.html

95 B.H. Roberts, Conference Report (October 1907), 122.

96 Brigham Young, "Constitutional Powers, Etc.," Journal of Discourses, reported by G.D. Watt 9 March 1862, Vol. 10 (London: Latter-Day Saint's Book Depot, 1865), 38-39.

97 Amos 3:7.

98 Jeremiah 23:23.

99 Luke 1:70.

100 Matthew 5:17-18.

101 Proverbs 29:18.

102 Matthew 23:28-34.

103 McKeever and Johnson have enough communication with active members of the Church not to be aware of its true doctrine and history.