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Some critics have focused on the appearance of language from the longer ending of the Gospel According to Mark in the Book of Mormon. Mormon writes:
For behold, thus said Jesus Christ, the Son of God … : Go ye into all the world, and preach the gospel to every creature; And he that believeth and is baptized shall be saved, but he that believeth not shall be damned; And these signs shall follow them that believe—in my name shall they cast out devils; they shall speak with new tongues; they shall take up serpents; and if they drink any deadly thing it shall not hurt them; they shall lay hands on the sick and they shall recover; (Mormon 9:22–24)
Similarly, in Ether 4:18 we read that “he that believeth and is baptized shall be saved; but he that believeth not shall be damned; and signs shall follow them that believe in my name.”
The wording here is nearly identical to the Gospel of Mark where it is written:
15 And he said unto them, Go ye into all the world, and preach the gospel to every creature.
16 He that believeth and is baptized shall be saved; but he that believeth not shall be damned.
17 And these signs shall follow them that believe; In my name shall they cast out devils; they shall speak with new tongues;
18 They shall take up serpents; and if they drink any deadly thing, it shall not hurt them; they shall lay hands on the sick, and they shall recover.(Mark 16:15–18)
These verses from Mark are from the “longer ending of Mark”. Scholars have believed that this part of the Gospel was not original to it and added at a later time by editors. Thus, the question becomes: if these words weren’t actually spoken by Jesus, then why would he repeat them to the Nephites and why would they then show up in the Book of Mormon?
As Book of Mormon Central has written:
But before jumping to conclusions about the authenticity of either Mark 16:15–18, or Mormon 9:22–24, there are several considerations to keep in mind. First, in recent years, several scholars have argued that the text in Mark 16:9–20 is indeed an authentic part of the Gospel of Mark.[1] These scholars note that many other early New Testament manuscripts contain these verses,[2] and bring a wide array of additional evidence together, making a credible case for the early inclusion of the long ending in Mark’s gospel.[3] Because the textual evidence is extremely complex,[4] legitimate questions about the history of the long ending of Mark remain, but the possibility that it was an original part of the Gospel of Mark is a defensible position to take.[5]
It is also significant that several scholars who reject Mark 16:9–20 as part of the original Gospel of Mark nonetheless believe that the long ending pre-existed its attachment to Mark.[6] This means that even if it was not originally part of Mark’s gospel, it likely stands as an early, independent witness of the resurrection containing the authentic teachings of the Savior’s post-resurrection ministry.[7]
Another important detail to keep in mind is that even among those who reject the authenticity of Mark 16:9–20, there is considerable debate about how the Gospel of Mark originally ended. Some believe it ended as a dramatic cliff-hanger at Mark 16:8.[8] Others, however, argue that there is another “lost ending” or two.[9] It is impossible to know exactly what such other endings would have said, but N. T. Wright argues that it most likely would have been similar to the current ending, including a commission similar to that in Mark 16:15–18.[10][11]
Thus, on the grounds that this teaching is based in the authenticity of the longer ending, this doesn’t propose a significant problem for the Book of Mormon. However, they note that this problem doesn’t have to hinge on its authenticity:
It important to recognize, however, that even though the English translation of Mormon 9:22–24 was possibly influenced by the King James translation of Mark 16:15–18, Moroni’s source was not the Gospel of Mark.[12] Rather, Moroni was drawing on the teachings of Christ recorded among the Nephites (Mormon 9:22). Thus, the authenticity of the words of Jesus in Mormon 9:22–25 is not ultimately dependent on the authenticity of the “long ending” of Mark. Indeed, belief in the authenticity of these words in the ending of Mark may, on the other hand, benefit from the testimony of the Book of Mormon.[13]
Some secularist critics of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints claim that the authorship of the book of Revelation is evidence that Joseph Smith wrote the Book of Mormon. The authorship of the book of Revelation is described in the New Oxford Annotated Study Bible:
The author of the book of Revelation identifies himself by name as John (1.1,4,9; 22.8). This distinguishes Revelation from other Jewish and Christian apocalypses, which are pseudonymous, that is, written in the name of some revered figure from antiquity (e.g., Apoc. Bar., Apoc. Zeph.). While some ancient authorities (e.g., Justin, Dialogue with Trypho 81.4) suggested that this author is the apostle John, the son of Zebedee (see Mk 3.17), internal evidence from the book itself is inconclusive. Among ancient interpreters, Dionysius of Alexandria maintained that Revelation could not have been written by the same John to whom the Gospel according to John was attributed.
The author’s familiarity with the Jerusalem Temple and its rituals and furnishings, the depth of his knowledge of the Hebrew Bible (of the 405 verses in Revelation, some 275 include allusions to passages in the Hebrew Bible, or to its Greek translation, the Septuagint), as well as his adoption of a literary genre that was familiar in late Second Temple Judaism, combine to suggest that the John of Revelation may have been a Jewish Christian who fled to the Diaspora as a consequence of the First Jewish Revolt against the Romans (66–73 CE). His selfidentification to the “seven churches that are in Asia” (1.4) as “your brother who share with you in Jesus the persecution and the kingdom and the patient endurance” (1.9) suggests that he was well known to his audience, probably because he exercised a prophetic ministry among them (see 22.9). He mentions the twelve apostles as figures from the past (21.14), and does not refer to himself as one of them. This makes an identification of the John of the book of Revelation with the apostle of that name highly questionable, as is any connection of the John of the Revelation with the Gospel according to John or with the Letters of John.[14]
Latter-day Saint New Testament scholar Thomas Wayment (PhD New Testament Studies, Claremont Graduate University) writes:
The author of the book of Revelation formally introduces himself as John (Revelation 1:1). Based on the contents of the book, the author was also a Christian prophet who intentionally shared the contents of a spectacular vision relating to seven churches in western Asia Minor (modern Turkey). Tradition asserts broadly that John is to be identified with John the son of Zebedee (Matthew 10:2) and that the same author also wrote the Gospel of John and 1–3 John. Based on the style and substance of the writing, it is clear that the author was a native Hebrew/Aramaic speaker who probably moved to western Asia Minor and wrote his book in Greek to the churches in that region. The language is simple, revealing the words of an individual who had not been trained in Greek. From a scholarly perspective, it seems almost impossible to suggest that the same person wrote the Gospel of John, 1–3 John, and Revelation in the same way. More than likely, all of these compositions have historical connections to the apostle John, the son of Zebedee, though he did not write them personally. They all share ideas and concepts, but they were likely written at different times by different people.[15]
Scholars generally agree that it is more likely that someone other than John son of Zebedee wrote Revelation while not ruling out the possibility that he did.[16]
The prophet Nephi writes in the Book of Mormon (1 Nephi 14:20-27):
20 And the angel said unto me: Behold one of the twelve apostles of the Lamb.
21 Behold, he shall see and write the remainder of these things; yea, and also many things which have been.
22 And he shall also write concerning the end of the world.
23 Wherefore, the things which he shall write are just and true; and behold they are written in the book which thou beheld proceeding out of the mouth of the Jew; and at the time they proceeded out of the mouth of the Jew, or, at the time the book proceeded out of the mouth of the Jew, the things which were written were plain and pure, and most precious and easy to the understanding of all men.
24 And behold, the things which this apostle of the Lamb shall write are many things which thou hast seen; and behold, the remainder shalt thou see.
25 But the things which thou shalt see hereafter thou shalt not write; for the Lord God hath ordained the apostle of the Lamb of God that he should write them.
26 And also others who have been, to them hath he shown all things, and they have written them; and they are sealed up to come forth in their purity, according to the truth which is in the Lamb, in the own due time of the Lord, unto the house of Israel.
27 And I, Nephi, heard and bear record, that the name of the apostle of the Lamb was John, according to the word of the angel.
The first option that we might have for reconciling this is to say that John the son of Zebedee wrote or spoke what we have in Revelation. This option remains a live one for, as we’ve already pointed out, scholars generally don’t rule out the possibility that John, son of Zebedee, actually wrote the book himself.
Respected New Testament scholar Craig Keener has argued for the traditional identification of John, son of Zebedee as the author of Revelation in the NIV Cultural Backgrounds Study Bible.[17]
Another option that still preserves John, son of Zebedee’s involvement with the authorship of the Book is that material from him was preserved for a time by a a member of a Johannine community/discipleship that used material preserved/kept in either written or oral form, and then subsequently composed/compiled the book. As Wayment observed, the material more than likely has connections to John son of Zebedee.
Less likely than the first option is that another person named John authored the Gospel but that that person wasn't John the son of Zebedee. Some may object to this using v 20 of Nephi's vision. One way to respond might be that John may have been an apostle that wrote after John son of Zebedee passed away. The author of Revelation does identify himself as John, son of Zebedee.
Another way to make this work would be to see if the addition of "twelve" in v 20 is a translator's gloss from Joseph Smith. Though this is weakened when seen "twelve apostles" are mentioned in Chapter 11 and “twelve others” are mentioned in Lehi’s vision in Chapter 1. It could be that the gloss exists in all three chapters.
This option is possible but not probable and not the most attractive.
In any case, we can see that the scholarly perspective on the authorship of the Revelation of John doesn’t need to have an impact on the Book of Mormon.
Some claim that the Book of Mormon cannot be an ancient work because it contains material that is also found in the New Testament. In fact, in the Book of Mormon, Jesus quotes a paraphrase of Moses' words found in Acts 3:22-26. However, all these parallels demonstrate is that:
Neither of these is news, and neither can tell us much but that the Book of Mormon was translated in the nineteenth century.
The Book of Mormon claims to be a "translation." Therefore, the language used is that of Joseph Smith. Joseph could choose to render similar (or identical) material using King James Bible language if that adequately represented the text's intent.
Only if we presume that the Book of Mormon is a fraud at the outset is this proof of anything. If we assume that it is a translation, then the use of Bible language tells us merely that Joseph used biblical language.
If Joseph was a fraud, why would he plagiarize the one text—the King James Bible—which his readers would be sure to know, and sure to react negatively if they noticed it? The Book of Mormon contains much original material—Joseph didn't "need" to use the KJV; he is obviously capable of producing original material.
Furthermore, many of the critics examples consist of a phrase or a concept that Joseph has supposedly lifted from the New Testament. This complaint, however ignores several factors.
Chief among the difficulty is that the critics seem ignorant or unconcerned about the extent to which the language of the King James Bible dominated preaching, common speech, and discussion of religious and non-religious topics in Joseph Smith's day.
In a Bible-based culture like Joseph Smith's, Biblical phrases are simply "in the air," and are often used without an awareness of where they come from (this is especially true for those whose literary exposure did not extend much beyond the Bible—like Joseph). By analogy, many modern authors or speakers will use phrases like the following, completely unaware that they are quoting Shakespeare!
List | Phrase | Shakespeare | Reference |
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* |
"All's well that ends well" |
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* |
"As good luck would have it" |
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* |
"Bated breath" |
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* |
"Be-all and the end-all" |
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* |
"Beggar all description" |
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* |
"Brave new world" |
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* |
"Break the ice" |
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* |
"not budge an inch" |
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* |
"Dead as a doornail" |
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* |
"Devil incarnate" |
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* |
"Fool's paradise" |
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* |
"For goodness' sake" |
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* |
"Full circle" |
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* |
"Good riddance" |
|
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* |
"Household words" |
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* |
"Heart of gold" |
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* |
"In...a pickle" |
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* |
"Lie low" |
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* |
"Love is blind" |
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* |
"Melted into thin air" |
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* |
"Naked truth" |
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* |
"I have not slept one wink" |
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* |
"One fell swoop" |
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* |
"Play fast and loose with" |
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* |
"We have seen better days" |
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* |
"The short and the long of it" |
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* |
"Too much of a good thing" |
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* |
"Wear my heart upon my sleeve" |
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* |
"What the dickens" |
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* |
"The world's my [mine] oyster" |
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Would we accuse someone who used these phrases of "plagiarizing" Shakespeare? Hardly, since these are common expressions in our language. Most people are probably unaware that they even come from Shakespeare, and most have probably not read the plays at all. In a similar way, some biblical phrases and vocabulary were likely part of Joseph Smith's subconscious verbal world. It would be strange if it were otherwise.
Book of Mormon Central has produced a 9 part series exploring this criticism in depth. This is the latest take on New Testament - Book of Mormon Intertextuality and will prove the most beneficial.
For those looking to further understand the interaction of the New Testament and the Book of Mormon, BYU Professor Nicholas Frederick has provided an exhaustive listing of New Testament/Book of Mormon interactions at the phrasal level.[18] Overall, Frederick finds approximately 600 interactions. Frederick follows a rigorous methodology laid out in detail in the Journal of Book of Mormon Studies that improves substantially on the methods of other scholars and critics in identifying phrases that may depend in some measure on the New Testament text contained in the King James Bible.[19] He divides the types of interactions into 7 different groups:
The table below first gives the location of the phrase in the Book of Mormon, then the New Testament passage that the Book of Mormon is interacting with, and finally what type of interaction the Book of Mormon makes with the New Testament according to the typology Frederick has given us above. Readers may use the table below, as well as the list of potential explanations given above, to explore the Book of Mormon/New Testament interactions and decide which explanation in which instance seems the most plausible for them.
Book of Mormon Location | New Testament Location | Type of Interaction |
---|---|---|
1 Nephi 1:1 (1 Nephi 2:16) | 1 Corinthians 4:1 | Simple |
1 Nephi 1:9 | Revelation 21:10 | Simple—Expanded |
1 Nephi 1:14 | Revelation 4:8; 15:3; 16:7; 21:22 | Simple |
1 Nephi 2:10 (3 Nephi 6:14) | 1 Corinthians 15:58 | Simple—Expanded |
1 Nephi 2:11 | Romans 1:21 | Simple—Expanded |
1 Nephi 2:18 (twenty-five times total) | Mark 3:5 | Simple |
1 Nephi 2:24 (2 Nephi 5:25; Mosiah 1:17; 6:3; Alma 4:19; 25:6; Helaman 11:4, 34) | 2 Peter 3:1 (2 Peter 1:13) | Simple |
1 Nephi 3:20 | Acts 3:21 | Simple—Expanded |
1 Nephi 4:13 | John 11:50 | Simple |
1 Nephi 5:8 | Acts 12:11 | Simple |
1 Nephi 5:18 (1 Nephi 11:36; 13:40; 14:11; 19:17; 22:28; 2 Nephi 26:13; 30:8; Mosiah 3:20; 15:28; 16:1; Alma 37:4; 45:16; 3 Nephi 26:4; 28:29) | Revelation 14:6 (Revelation 5:9; 7:9) | Simple |
1 Nephi 6:5 | John 15:19 (John 17:14) | Simple |
1 Nephi 7:16 (Alma 44:16; 46:2; 49:27; 51:14; Helaman 1:7) | Matthew 2:16 | Simple |
1 Nephi 8:23 (1 Nephi 8:24; 12:4, 17; 3 Nephi 8:22) | 2 Peter 2:17 | Simple |
1 Nephi 10:4 | Acts 3:22 (Acts 7:37) | Paraphrase [Deuteronomy 18:15] |
1 Nephi 10:4 (1 Nephi 13:40) | John 4:42 (1 John 4:14) | Simple |
1 Nephi 10:8 | John 1:23, 26–27 | Paraphrase [Isaiah 40:3] |
1 Nephi 10:9 | John 1:26, 28, 31, 33 | Complex |
1 Nephi 10:10 | John 1:29, 32 | Complex |
1 Nephi 10:12 | Romans 11:17 | Simple—Condensed |
1 Nephi 10:18 (twenty-two times total) | Matthew 13:35 (Matthew 25:34; Luke 11:50; Hebrews 4:3; Revelation 13:8; 17:8) | Simple |
1 Nephi 10:18 (2 Nephi 2:4; 27:23; 29:9; Alma 31:17; Mormon 9:9; Moroni 10:19) | Hebrews 13:8 | Simple |
1 Nephi 11:1 | Revelation 21:10 | Simple |
1 Nephi 11:7 (1 Nephi 1:9; 12:6; 3 Nephi 11:8; 17:24) | Revelation 21:10 | Simple |
1 Nephi 11:13 (1 Nephi 13:15; 2 Nephi 5:21; 3 Nephi 2:15–16; 4 Nephi 1:10; Ether 7:4; 8:9) | Acts 7:20 | Simple |
1 Nephi 11:19 (1 Nephi 11:29; 14:30; 15:1) | Revelation 17:3 | Simple |
1 Nephi 11:21 (thirty-five times total) | John 1:29 (John 1:36) | Simple |
1 Nephi 11:22 | Romans 5:5 | Simple |
1 Nephi 11:27 | John 1:32 | Simple |
1 Nephi 11:32 | John 1:34 | Simple |
1 Nephi 11:34 | Revelation 19:19 | Simple |
1 Nephi 11:35 (1 Nephi 11:36; 12:9; 13:26; 13:39; 13:40–41; 14:20) | Revelation 21:14 | Simple |
1 Nephi 12:2 (1 Nephi 12:21; 14:15–16; 2 Ne. 25:12; Mormon 8:30) | Matthew 24:6 (Mark 13:7) | Simple |
1 Nephi 12:4 (2 Nephi 26:6) | Revelation 8:5 (Revelation 11:19; 16:18) | Simple |
1 Nephi 13:7 | Revelation 18:12 | Simple—Condensed |
1 Nephi 13:27 | Acts 13:10 and John 12:40 | Hybrid |
1 Nephi 13:42 (Jacob 5:63; Ether 13:12) | Matthew 19:30 (Matthew 20:16; Luke 13:30) | Simple |
1 Nephi 14:9 (1 Nephi 14:10, 13, 16) | Revelation 17:5 | Simple—Condensed |
1 Nephi 14:11 | Revelation 17:1 and 17:15 | Compound |
1 Nephi 14:12 | Revelation 17:1 | Simple |
1 Nephi 15:11 (Enos 1:15; Mosiah 4:21) | Matthew 21:22 | Simple |
1 Nephi 15:13 (3 Nephi 16:4) | Romans 11:25 | Simple |
1 Nephi 15:15 (Alma 16:17) | John 15:1 | Simple |
1 Nephi 15:16 | Romans 11:24 | Simple |
1 Nephi 15:18 (1 Nephi 22:9; 3 Nephi 20:25, 27) | Acts 3:25 | Paraphrase [Genesis 22:18; 26:4] |
1 Nephi 15:24 | Ephesians 6:16 | Simple |
1 Nephi 15:30 (2 Nephi 9:16; Jacob 6:10; Mosiah 2:38; 3:27; Alma 12:17) | Revelation 14:11 | Simple—Expanded |
1 Nephi 17:5 (Alma 18:13; 31:21; 37:38) | Matthew 1:23 (Mark 5:41; 15:22; 34; John 1:38, 41; Acts 4:36) | Simple |
1 Nephi 17:46 | Luke 3:5 | Simple—Expanded |
1 Nephi 17:48 (fourteen times total) | Matthew 18:6 | Simple |
1 Nephi 18:21 | Mark 4:39 (Luke 8:24) | Simple |
1 Nephi 22:14 (2 Nephi 28:15; Mosiah 12:26) | Acts 13:10 | Simple |
1 Nephi 22:17 | 1 Corinthians 3:15 | Simple |
1 Nephi 22:18 (Mormon 8:29) | Acts 2:19 | Paraphrase [Joel 2:30] |
1 Nephi 22:20 | Acts 3:22–23 | Paraphrase [Deuteronomy 18:15, 19] |
1 Nephi 22:25 | John 10:27, 16, 9 | Compound |
2 Nephi 1:1 (1 Nephi 7:11; Alma 62:50; Ether 6:30) | Mark 5:19 | Simple |
2 Nephi 1:10 (2 Nephi 6:3) | Romans 1:20 | Simple |
2 Nephi 1:23 | 2 Corinthians 6:7 | Simple |
2 Nephi 2:5 | Romans 3:20 (Galatians 2:16) | Simple—Condensed |
2 Nephi 2:6 | John 1:14 | Simple |
2 Nephi 2:8 (3 Nephi 9:22) | John 10:17 | Simple—Expanded |
2 Nephi 2:9 | Revelation 14:4 | Simple |
2 Nephi 2:18 | Revelation 20:2 (Revelation 12:9) | Simple |
2 Nephi 2:29 | John 1:13 | Simple |
2 Nephi 2:30 | Luke 10:42 | Simple |
2 Nephi 3:15 (Mosiah 24:3; Alma 63:11) | Luke 1:59 | Simple |
2 Nephi 4:17 (1 Nephi 1:14; 14:7; 2 Nephi 1:10; Jacob 4:8; Alma 26:15; Helaman 16:16; 3 Nephi 21:9; 28:31, 32; 4 Nephi 1:5) | Revelation 15:3 | Simple |
2 Nephi 4:17 | Romans 7:24 | Simple—Condensed |
2 Nephi 4:18 | Hebrews 12:1 | Simple—Condensed |
2 Nephi 4:35 | James 1:5 and 4:3 | Compound |
2 Nephi 9:5 | Luke 24:46 | Simple |
2 Nephi 9:6 | Romans 5:12 | Simple |
2 Nephi 9:7 (Mosiah 16:10; Alma 5:15; 40:2; 41:4) | 1 Corinthians 15:53 | Simple |
2 Nephi 9:9 | 2 Corinthians 11:14 | Simple |
2 Nephi 9:12 | Revelation 20:13 | Simple |
2 Nephi 9:15 | 2 Corinthians 5:10 | Simple |
2 Nephi 9:16 | Revelation 22:11 and Revelation 14:10–11 | Compound |
2 Nephi 9:18 | Hebrews 12:2 and Matthew 25:34 | Hybrid |
2 Nephi 9:19 (2 Nephi 9:26; 28:23; Alma 14:14) | Revelation 20:10 | Simple |
2 Nephi 9:34 (2 Nephi 9:36; 2 Nephi 28:15) | Luke 10:15 | Simple |
2 Nephi 9:39 | Romans 8:6 | Simple |
2 Nephi 10:16 | Galatians 3:28 and Matthew 12:30 (Luke 11:23) | Hybrid |
2 Nephi 25:12 (Alma 5:48; 9:26; 13:9) | Matthew 24:6 and John 1:14 (John 1:18) | Hybrid |
2 Nephi 25:20 (2 Nephi 31:21; Mosiah 3:17; 5:8) | Acts 4:12 | Simple—Expanded |
2 Nephi 25:29 (Mormon 9:29) | John 6:37 | Simple |
2 Nephi 26:3 (2 Nephi 28:10; 3 Nephi 10:12; Mormon 8:27, 41; Ether 8:22) | Revelation 17:6 | Simple |
2 Nephi 26:24 | John 3:16 and 10:17 and 12:32 | Compound |
2 Nephi 26:30 | 1 Corinthians 13:2 | Simple |
2 Nephi 26:33 (Alma 1:30) | Galatians 3:28 | Simple—Expanded |
2 Nephi 28:7 | Luke 12:19 and 1 Corinthians 15:32 | Hybrid/Paraphrase [Isaiah 22:13] |
2 Nephi 28:8 | Luke 12:48 | Simple |
2 Nephi 28:11 | Romans 3:12 | Paraphrase [Psalms 14:3] |
2 Nephi 28:28 | Mark 4:16 and Matthew 7:24–27 (Luke 6:47–49) | Hybrid |
2 Nephi 28:30 | Matthew 25:29 (Mark 4:25; Luke 8:18) | Simple |
2 Nephi 29:11 | Revelation 20:12 | Simple—Expanded |
2 Nephi 30:1 | Luke 13:3 (Luke 13:5) | Simple |
2 Nephi 30:6 | Acts 9:18 | Simple—Expanded |
2 Nephi 31:4 | John 1:29 | Simple |
2 Nephi 31:5 | Matthew 3:14–15 | Simple—Condensed |
2 Nephi 31:8 | Luke 3:22 | Simple—Condensed |
2 Nephi 31:9 | Matthew 7:14 | Simple |
2 Nephi 31:10 | John 21:22 | Simple—Condensed |
2 Nephi 31:15 (Alma 32:13; 38:2) | Matthew 10:22 and Matthew 24:13 | Compound |
2 Nephi 31:21 (Mormon 7:7) | 1 John 5:7 | Simple—Expanded |
2 Nephi 32:4 | Matthew 7:7 | Simple—Condensed |
2 Nephi 32:9 | Luke 18:1 | Simple |
Jacob 1:19 (Jacob 2:2) | Romans 11:13 | Simple |
Jacob 3:11 | Revelation 20:14 (Revelation 21:8) | Simple |
Jacob 4:8 | Romans 11:33 | Simple—Expanded |
Jacob 5:7 | John 15:6 | Simple |
Jacob 5:9 | Romans 11:17 | Simple |
Jacob 5:42 (Jacob 5:46, 49, 66; 6:7; Helaman 14:18; 3 Nephi 27:11; Mormon 8:21) | Matthew 3:10 (Matthew 7:19; Luke 3:9) | Simple |
Jacob 5:47 (Jacob 5:64, 76) | Luke 13:8 | Simple—Expanded |
Jacob 6:4 | Romans 10:21 | Paraphrase [Isaiah 65:2] |
Jacob 6:5 | Acts 11:23 | Simple |
Jacob 6:6 | Hebrews 3:7–8 | Paraphrase [Psalms 95:7–8] |
Jacob 6:10 | Revelation 21:8 and Revelation 14:11 | Compound |
Jacob 7:14 | Luke 22:42 | Simple—Condensed |
Enos 1:1 | Ephesians 6:4 | Simple |
Enos 1:8 | Mark 10:52 (Matthew 9:22; Mark 5:34; Luke 8:48; 17:19) | Simple |
Enos 1:15 | Matthew 21:22 | Simple—Expanded |
Enos 1:27 | 1 Corinthians 15:53 and Matthew 25:34 and John 14:2 | Hybrid |
Omni 1:26 | Matthew 10:22 | Simple—Expanded |
Mosiah 3:3 (Alma 13:22; Helaman 16:14) | Luke 2:10 | Simple |
Mosiah 3:5 | Matthew 11:5 | Simple |
Mosiah 3:9 (3 Nephi 1:14) | John 1:11 | Simple |
Mosiah 3:21 (Mosiah 5:15) | Revelation 19:6 | Simple |
Mosiah 3:24 | Revelation 20:13 | Simple |
Mosiah 3:26 | Revelation 14:10 (Revelation 16:19) | Simple |
Mosiah 3:27 | Revelation 20:10 and 14:10–11 | Compound |
Mosiah 4:11 | Acts 22:16 | Simple |
Mosiah 5:13 (Alma 12:7; 18:32; 21:6) | Hebrews 4:12 | Simple |
Mosiah 5:15 (Alma 1:25) | 1 Corinthians 15:58 | Simple |
Mosiah 10:8 | Matthew 3:4 | Simple |
Mosiah 13:1 | Matthew 8:29 (Mark 1:24) | Simple |
Mosiah 13:8 (Mosiah 25:7) | Acts 3:10 | Simple |
Mosiah 13:34 | Philippians 2:6–7 | Simple |
Mosiah 15:2 | Luke 1:35 | Simple |
Mosiah 15:24 | Revelation 20:6 | Simple |
Mosiah 16:3 (Alma 42:10) | James 3:15 | Simple |
Mosiah 16:7 | 1 Corinthians 15:14, 55 | Paraphrase [Isaiah 25:8 and Hosea 13:14] |
Mosiah 16:8 | 1 Corinthians 15:54 | Complex |
Mosiah 16:9 | John 1:4–5 | Simple—Expanded |
Mosiah 16:10 | 1 Corinthians 15:53 | Complex |
Mosiah 16:11 | John 5:29 | Simple—Expanded |
Mosiah 16:14 (Mosiah 13:10) | Colossians 2:17 | Simple |
Mosiah 18:18 | Acts 1:3 | Simple |
Mosiah 18:21 | Ephesians 4:5 and Colossians 2:2 and 1 Thessalonians 3:12 | Hybrid |
Mosiah 23:13 (Alma 58:40; 61:9, 21) | Galatians 5:1 | Simple |
Mosiah 26:27 | Matthew 7:23 and Matthew 25:41 | Compound |
Mosiah 26:39 | 1 Thessalonians 5:12, 17–18 | Compound |
Mosiah 27:24 | John 3:5–8 | Simple—Condensed |
Mosiah 27:25 | John 3:7 | Simple—Expanded |
Mosiah 27:29 (Alma 41:11; Mormon 8:31; Moroni 8:14) | Acts 8:23 | Simple |
Mosiah 27:31 (Mormon 9:27) | Philippians 2:10 | Paraphrase [Isaiah 45:23] |
Alma 1:1 | 1 Timothy 1:18 | Simple |
Alma 1:25 | 1 Corinthians 16:13 and 1 Corinthians 15:58 | Compound |
Alma 5:14 (Mosiah 27:25, 28; Alma 22:15; 36:5, 23, 24, 26; 38:6) | 1 John 3:9 (1 John 4:7; 5:1, 4, 18) | Simple |
Alma 5:15 | 1 Corinthians 15:53 and 15:42 | Compound |
Alma 5:24 (Alma 7:25; Helaman 3:30) | Matthew 8:11 | Simple |
Alma 5:28 | Matthew 3:2 | Complex |
Alma 5:35–36 | Matthew 3:8, 10 | Complex |
Alma 5:37 | Matthew 9:36 | Simple |
Alma 5:38 (Alma 5:39, 41, 57, 60; Helaman 7:18) | John 10:11,14 | Simple |
Alma 5:42 | Romans 6:23 | Simple |
Alma 5:44 | Romans 8:39 | Simple |
Alma 5:48 | John 1:14 and 1:29 and 1:12 | Compound |
Alma 5:50 | Matthew 3:2 | Complex |
Alma 5:52 | Matthew 3:10 | Complex |
Alma 5:52 | Matthew 3:12 | Complex |
Alma 5:54 | Matthew 3:8 | Complex |
Alma 5:57 | 2 Corinthians 6:17 | Paraphrase [Isaiah 52:11] |
Alma 5:58 | Revelation 13:8 (Revelation 17:8; 20:15) | Simple |
Alma 7:9 | Matthew 3:2 and 3:3 | Simple—Condensed |
Alma 7:10 | Luke 1:35 | Simple—Condensed |
Alma 7:14 | John 3:5 and John 1:29 and 1 John 1:9 | Hybrid |
Alma 7:15 | Hebrews 12:1 | Simple—Condensed |
Alma 7:20 (Mormon 9:9) | James 1:17 | Simple—Expanded |
Alma 7:21 | Revelation 22:11 | Simple |
Alma 7:24 | 1 Corinthians 13:13 and 2 Corinthians 9:8 | Hybrid |
Alma 9:15 | Matthew 10:15 (Matthew 11:22, 24; Mark 6:11; Luke 10:14) | Simple |
Alma 9:20 | Revelation 14:6 and Revelation 1:4 | Compound |
Alma 9:22 | Matthew 4:23 (Matthew 10:1) | Simple |
Alma 9:25 (Alma 10:20; Helaman 5:32) | Matthew 3:2 | Simple—Expanded |
Alma 9:26 | John 1:14 | Simple—Expanded |
Alma 9:30 (Alma 12:15; 13:13) | Matthew 3:8 | Simple |
Alma 11:22 | Matthew 4:9 | Simple |
Alma 11:37 | Ephesians 5:5 | Simple—Condensed |
Alma 11:39 | Revelation 22:13 | Simple—Condensed |
Alma 12:8 | Acts 24:15 | Simple—Expanded |
Alma 12:14 | Revelation 6:16 | Simple |
Alma 12:17 | Revelation 14:10–11 | Simple—Condensed |
Alma 12:26 | Romans 9:6 (Mark 7:13) | Simple—Expanded |
Alma 12:27 | Hebrews 9:27 | Simple—Expanded |
Alma 12:35 | Hebrews 3:11 | Paraphrase [Psalms 95:11] |
Alma 13:7 | Hebrews 7:3 | Complex |
Alma 13:9 | Hebrews 7:17 (Hebrews 5:6; 7:21) | Complex |
Alma 13:9 | Hebrews 7:3 | Complex |
Alma 13:9 | Hebrews 7:3 and John 1:14 | Hybrid |
Alma 13:15 | Hebrews 7:1–2 | Complex |
Alma 13:17 | Hebrews 7:1 | Complex |
Alma 13:18 | Hebrews 7:5 | Complex |
Alma 13:18 | Hebrews 7:2 | Complex |
Alma 13:20 | 2 Peter 3:16 | Simple—Expanded |
Alma 13:28 | Matthew 26:41 and 1 Corinthians 10:13 | Hybrid |
Alma 14:3 | Matthew 1:19 | Simple |
Alma 14:18 | Luke 23:9 | Simple |
Alma 14:27 | Matthew 27:51 | Simple |
Alma 18:13 | John 1:38 | Simple |
Alma 18:14 | Mark 10:51 | Simple |
Alma 18:22 | Matthew 10:16 | Simple—Condensed |
Alma 22:14 | 1 Corinthians 15:55–56 | Simple—Condensed |
Alma 25:12 | Matthew 9:36 | Simple—Condensed |
Alma 26:22 | Mark 4:11 | Simple—Condensed |
Alma 27:28 | 1 Corinthians 15:54 | Simple—Expanded |
Alma 31:37 | Matthew 6:25, 31 (Luke 12:22) | Simple—Condensed |
Alma 32:21 | Hebrews 11:1 | Simple—Expanded |
Alma 32:38 | Matthew 13:6 (Mark 4:6) | Simple—Expanded |
Alma 32:41 (Alma 33:23) | John 4:14 | Simple |
Alma 34:13 | Matthew 5:18 | Simple—Expanded |
Alma 34:23 (Mosiah 2:37; 4:14; Moroni 9:6) | Acts 13:10 | Simple |
Alma 34:29 | Matthew 5:13 | Simple |
Alma 34:37 | Philippians 2:12 | Simple—Condensed |
Alma 34:38 | John 4:24 | Simple—Condensed |
Alma 36:18 | Mark 10:47 and Acts 8:23 | Hybrid |
Alma 37:15 | Luke 22:31 | Simple—Condensed |
Alma 37:34 (Alma 37:33; Moro. 7:43, 33) | Matthew 11:29 | Simple |
Alma 38:9 | John 1:4 and John 1:1 | Compound |
Alma 39:9 | 1 John 2:16 | Simple |
Alma 40:13 | Matthew 8:12 (Matthew 22:13; 25:30) | Simple—Expanded |
Alma 40:14 | Hebrews 10:27 | Simple—Condensed |
Alma 40:25 | Matthew 13:43 | Simple—Condensed |
Alma 41:11 | Acts 8:23 and Ephesians 2:12 | Hybrid |
Alma 42:27 | Revelation 22:17 | Simple—Condensed |
Alma 43:10 | John 4:23 (John 4:24) and 1 Thessalonians 1:9 | Hybrid |
Alma 48:17 (twenty times) | John 1:51 (nineteen times) | Simple |
Alma 60:23 | Matthew 23:26 | Simple—Condensed |
Helaman 3:29 | Hebrews 4:12 | Simple—Condensed |
Helaman 5:8 | Matthew 6:20 | Simple |
Helaman 5:44 | 1 Peter 1:8 | Simple |
Helaman 8:14 | John 3:14 | Simple |
Helaman 8:25 (3 Nephi 27:32) | Matthew 6:20 and Romans 2:5 | Hybrid |
Helaman 9:21 | Acts 7:51 | Simple—Expanded |
Helaman 10:7 | Matthew 16:19 (Matthew 18:18) | Simple |
Helaman 10:8 (Helaman 14:22; 3 Nephi 8:18; 28:19; 4 Nephi 1:30) | Matthew 27:51 | Simple |
Helaman 12:24 | John 1:16 | Simple—Expanded |
Helaman 12:26 (3 Nephi 26:5) | John 5:29 | Simple |
Helaman 13:33 (3 Nephi 8:25) | Matthew 23:37 | Simple—Expanded |
Helaman 14:25 | Matthew 27:52–53 | Simple—Condensed |
Helaman 15:1 | Matthew 23:38 (Luke 13:35) | Paraphrase [Isaiah 5:9] |
Helaman 15:2 | Matthew 24:19–20 | Simple—Expanded |
3 Nephi 1:25 | Matthew 5:18 | Simple |
3 Nephi 7:8 | 2 Peter 2:22 | Simple—Condensed |
3 Nephi 8:17–18 | Matthew 27:51 | Simple |
3 Nephi 9:5 (3 Nephi 9:7, 8, 9, 11) | Revelation 18:24 (Revelation 16:6) | Simple |
3 Nephi 9:15 | John 1:3; 1:2; 14:11; 12:28 | Complex/Compound |
3 Nephi 9:16 | John 1:11 | Complex |
3 Nephi 9:17 | John 1:12 | Complex |
3 Nephi 9:18 | John 8:12 and Revelation 22:13 | Hybrid |
3 Nephi 10:4 (3 Nephi 10:5, 6) | Matthew 23:37 | Simple—Condensed |
3 Nephi 11:7 | Matthew 17:5 | Simple—Expanded |
3 Nephi 11:11 | John 8:12 and John 18:11 | Compound |
3 Nephi 11:14 | John 20:27 | Simple—Expanded |
3 Nephi 11:25 | Matthew 28:19 | Simple |
3 Nephi 11:27 | 1 John 5:7 and John 14:11 and John 10:30 | Hybrid |
3 Nephi 11:32 | Acts 17:30 | Simple |
3 Nephi 11:33–34 | Mark 16:16 | Simple—Expanded |
3 Nephi 11:39 | Matthew 16:18 | Simple—Condensed |
3 Nephi 12:1 | Matthew 3:11 and John 8:28 | Hybrid |
3 Nephi 12:47 (3 Nephi 15:2) | 2 Corinthians 5:17 | Simple |
3 Nephi 15:17 (3 Nephi 15:21) | John 10:16 | Simple |
3 Nephi 16:15 | Matthew 5:13 | Simple—Condensed |
3 Nephi 18:13 | Matthew 7:26–27 | Simple |
3 Nephi 18:18 | Matthew 26:41 and Luke 22:31 | Hybrid |
3 Nephi 18:29 | 1 Corinthians 11:29 | Simple—Expanded |
3 Nephi 19:20 | John 17:6 | Complex |
3 Nephi 19:23 | John 17:20–22 | Complex |
3 Nephi 19:29 | John 17:9–10 and John 17:21–23 | Complex |
3 Nephi 20:23 | Acts 3:22–23 | Paraphrase [Deuteronomy 18:15, 18–19/1 Nephi 22:20] |
3 Nephi 20:24 | Acts 3:24 | Complex |
3 Nephi 20:25 | Acts 3:25 | Complex |
3 Nephi 20:26 | Acts 3:26 | Complex |
3 Nephi 20:35 (3 Nephi 28:10) | John 10:30 | Simple |
3 Nephi 21:9 | Acts 13:41 | Paraphrase [Habakkuk 1:5] |
3 Nephi 26:3 | 2 Peter 3:10 and Revelation 6:14 and Revelation 21:1 | Hybrid |
3 Nephi 26:4 | Revelation 7:9 and Revelation 20:12 and 2 Corinthians 5:10 | Hybrid |
3 Nephi 26:18 | 2 Corinthians 12:4 | Simple |
3 Nephi 26:19 | Acts 2:44 | Simple |
3 Nephi 27:14 | John 12:32 | Simple—Expanded |
3 Nephi 27:17 | Matthew 24:13 and Matthew 3:10 | Compound |
3 Nephi 27:29 | Matthew 7:7–8 | Simple—Condensed |
3 Nephi 27:30 (3 Nephi 27:31) | John 17:12 | Simple |
3 Nephi 27:32 | Matthew 6:19 | Simple—Condensed |
3 Nephi 27:33 | Matthew 7:13–14 and John 9:4 | Hybrid |
3 Nephi 28:8 | 1 Corinthians 15:51–53 | Simple—Condensed |
3 Nephi 28:13 | 2 Corinthians 12:2 and 12:4 | Complex |
3 Nephi 28:14 | 2 Corinthians 12:4 | Complex |
3 Nephi 28:15 | 2 Corinthians 12:2 | Complex |
3 Nephi 28:31 | 2 Corinthians 5:10 | Complex |
4 Nephi 1:3 | Acts 2:44 and Hebrews 6:4 and Revelation 13:16 | Hybrid |
Mormon 3:15 (Mormon 8:20) | Romans 12:19 | Paraphrase [Deuteronomy 32:35] |
Mormon 5:14 | Matthew 16:16 | Simple |
Mormon 6:21 | 1 Corinthians 15:52 | Simple—Expanded |
Mormon 7:5 | 1 Corinthians 15:55 | Paraphrase [Isaiah 25:8 and Hosea 13:14] |
Mormon 7:8 | Hebrews 6:18 | Simple—Expanded |
Mormon 8:17 | Matthew 5:22 | Simple |
Mormon 8:30 | Matthew 24:6–7 | Simple—Condensed |
Mormon 9:2 | 2 Peter 3:10 and Revelation 6:14 | Hybrid |
Mormon 9:14 | Revelation 22:11 | Simple |
Mormon 9:22 | Mark 16:15 | Complex |
Mormon 9:23 | Mark 16:16 | Complex |
Mormon 9:24 | Mark 16:17–18 | Complex |
Mormon 9:27 | Philippians 2:12 | Simple |
Mormon 9:28 | James 4:3 | Simple |
Mormon 9:29 | Matthew 24:13 and John 6:37 | Hybrid |
Ether 4:12 | John 8:12 and John 14:6 | Compound |
Ether 4:18 | Mark 16:16–17 | Simple |
Ether 4:19 | Matthew 25:34 | Simple |
Ether 12:4 | Hebrews 6:19 | Simple—Expanded |
Ether 12:6 | Hebrews 11:1 | Simple—Condensed |
Ether 12:8 | Hebrews 3:1 and Hebrews 6:4 | Compound |
Ether 12:11 | 1 Corinthians 12:31 | Simple—Expanded |
Ether 12:26–27 (Moroni 10:32) | 2 Corinthians 12:9–10 | Simple—Expanded |
Ether 12:32 | John 14:2 | Simple |
Ether 12:33 | John 10:17 | Simple—Expanded |
Ether 12:35 | Matthew 25:28–29 | Simple |
Ether 13:9 | Revelation 21:1 and 2 Corinthians 5:17 | Hybrid |
Ether 13:10 | Revelation 21:2 and Revelation 7:14 | Compound |
Moroni 6:4 | Hebrews 12:2 | Simple |
Moroni 7:1 | 1 Corinthians 13:13 | Complex |
Moroni 7:6 | 1 Corinthians 13:3 | Complex |
Moroni 7:7 | Romans 4:3 | Paraphrase [Genesis 15:6] |
Moroni 7:16 | 1 Corinthians 12:7 | Simple—Expanded |
Moroni 7:18 | Matthew 7:2 | Simple |
Moroni 7:26 | John 14:13 | Simple—Expanded |
Moroni 7:44 | 1 Corinthians 13:2 | Complex |
Moroni 7:45 | 1 Corinthians 13:4–7 | Complex |
Moroni 7:46 | 1 Corinthians 13:2, 13:8, 13:13 | Complex |
Moroni 7:48 | 1 John 3:1–3 | Simple—Condensed |
Moroni 8:3 | Acts 4:30 | Simple |
Moroni 8:8 | Matthew 9:12–13 | Simple—Condensed |
Moroni 8:12 | Acts 10:34 | Simple |
Moroni 8:16 | 1 John 4:18 | Simple |
Moroni 10:8 | 1 Corinthians 12:4–7 | Complex |
Moroni 10:9 | 1 Corinthians 12:8 | Complex |
Moroni 10:10 | 1 Corinthians 12:8 | Complex |
Moroni 10:11 | 1 Corinthians 12:9 | Complex |
Moroni 10:12 | 1 Corinthians 12:10 | Complex |
Moroni 10:13 | 1 Corinthians 12:10 | Complex |
Moroni 10:14 | 1 Corinthians 12:10 | Complex |
Moroni 10:15 | 1 Corinthians 12:10 | Complex |
Moroni 10:16 | 1 Corinthians 12:10 | Complex |
Moroni 10:17 | 1 Corinthians 12:11 | Complex |
Moroni 10:21 | 1 Corinthians 13:13 | Simple—Expanded |
Moroni 10:34 | Acts 10:42 (2 Timothy 4:1; 1 Peter 4:5) | Simple—Expanded |
Frederick has observed the potential presence of the Johannine Comma in 2 Nephi 31꞉21, though he informed the author that he now considers this a stretch. The passages from 1 John 5꞉7 and 2 Nephi 31꞉21 just don't line up like we might want them to.
Critical sources |
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Notes
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