Criticism of Mormonism/Books/Nauvoo Polygamy/Chapter 3

Chapter 2 (pp. 108-255)

A FAIR Analysis of: Criticism of Mormonism/Books A work by author: George D. Smith

Chapter 4

Chapter 3

Page	Claim	Response	Author's sources
159	"several days after Orson Pratt, Sidney Rigdon, and Ebenezer Robinson declined to affirm Smith's good character…."	The three were Pratt, Rigdon, and George W. Robinson, not Ebenezer. (See Manuscript History, 29 August 1842; History of the Church 5:139; Faulring, American Prophet's Record, 254).	Citation error History of the Church 5:125, 139.
160	Governor Carlin described that Nauvoo statute on writs as an "extraordinary assumption of power….most absurd and ridiculous…[a] gross usurpation of power that cannot be tolerated."	Carlin may not have agreed, but this does not mean that the law was reckless or irresponsible. Nauvoo city charter Nauvoo city charter/Usurpation of power	History of the Church 5:153-55. Nauvoo city charter (edit)
161	"The Nauvoo charter, which was the basis for this presumption of independence from state jurisdiction…."	The author again gives no hint that the Mormons were being anything but "presumptuous," when in fact the legal arguments of the day were likely in their favor. Nauvoo city charter Nauvoo city charter/Usurpation of power	The author cites chapter 2 of the present work. However, no argument or justification for this claim is provided in the previous chapter either. Nauvoo city charter (edit)
162	It is interesting that [The Peace Maker, a non-member's defence of polygamy] appeared during the hiatus in the erstwhile marriage frenzy of 1842 and while Smith's apostles were traveling the countryside to counter Bennett's words and deny polygamy."	The author does not discuss the many differences between The Peace Maker and LDS doctrine. The author and his source also ignore the arguments which had been raised against Joseph's participation or approval. See: Eli B. Kelsey, "A Base Calumny Refuted," Millennial Star 12 no. 6 (15 March 1850), 92–93. Kenneth W. Godfrey, “Causes of Mormon Non-Mormon Conflict in Hancock County, Illinois, 1839–1846” (PhD diss., Brigham Young University, 1967), 96-97. Richard L. Bushman, Joseph Smith: Rough Stone Rolling (New York: Knopf, 2005), 445–446.	Lawrence Foster, "A Little-Known Defense of Polygamy from the Mormon Press in 1842," Dialogue 9 (Winter 1974): 21–34.
163	"…the entire Mormon community would be expelled from Illinois, primarily because of the dominant sense they betrayed public trust."	The author here over-simplifies an extremely complex issue, with no references or argument. See: Kenneth W. Godfrey, "Causes of Mormon Non-Mormon Conflict in Hancock County, Illinois, 1839-1846," Ph.D. thesis (1967), Brigham Young University.	No source provided. He merely asserts and moves on.
185	Joseph's "summer 1842 call for an intimate visit from Sarah Ann Whitney…substantiate[s] the intimate relationships he was involved in during those two years."	Again, Sarah Ann distortion. Joseph Smith and polygamy/"Love letters" Use of sources—Letter to Whitneys Criticism of Mormonism/Books/Loaded and prejudicial language Criticism of Mormonism/Books/Mind reading Criticism of Mormonism/Books/Romance Gregory L. Smith, A review of Nauvoo Polygamy:...but we called it celestial marriage by George D. Smith. FARMS Review, Vol. 20, Issue 2. (Detailed book review)	No source provided. Whitney "love letter" (edit)
185	"However, the History of the Church predictably gives no notice of these weddings."	Censorship_and_revision_of_LDS_history Criticism of Mormonism/Books/Censorship	No source provided. Censorship of Church History (edit)
190	"The pretended marriage [of Joseph Kingsbury to the polygamously-married Sarah Ann Whitney] could have been a precaution against possible pregnancy."	Speculation. Despite the author's wearisome repetition of his "tryst" fable, there is no evidence of a sexual relationship with Sarah Ann. Joseph Smith and polygamy/"Love letters" Use of sources—Letter to Whitneys Criticism of Mormonism/Books/Loaded and prejudicial language Criticism of Mormonism/Books/Mind reading Criticism of Mormonism/Books/Romance Gregory L. Smith, A review of Nauvoo Polygamy:...but we called it celestial marriage by George D. Smith. FARMS Review, Vol. 20, Issue 2. (Detailed book review)	No source provided. Whitney "love letter" (edit)
193	Lucy Walker "told Joseph she required a revelation before she would submit [to plural marriage]. He promised that if she prayed, she would receive her own personal manifestation from God, which she reported she received 'near dawn after—a sleepless night"—when a "heavenly influence" and feeling of "supreme happiness…took possession" of her."	Smith provides the bare minimum of the story; Lucy's account is more impressive and powerful than these few fragments suggest. Plural marriage spiritual manifestations—Lucy Walker	Littlefield, Reminiscences, 48; Smith, Intimate Chronicle, 100, 557.
196	"Financial and marital issues, especially concerning the Lawrence sisters, would inflame public opinion prior to Smith's arrest."	The author does not tell us that Madsen's work (which he cites for his claim) demonstrates that Joseph properly discharged all his financial duties as guardians of the Lawrence estate. The author completely ignores the primary documents on this issue, and relies only on Law's hostile, and demonstrably false, account. Mismanagement of the Lawrence estate? Gregory L. Smith, A review of Nauvoo Polygamy:...but we called it celestial marriage by George D. Smith. FARMS Review, Vol. 20, Issue 2. (Detailed book review)	Gordon Madsen, ‘The Lawrence Estate Revisited: Joseph Smith and Illinois Law regarding Guardianships,’ Nauvoo Symposium, Sept. 21, 1989, Brigham Young University.
198	There was a "conflict of interests between building a church community and [Joseph's] continuing affection for young women."	Smith commonly exploits the presentist fallacy in the matter of Joseph's wives' ages. Age of wives Criticism of Mormonism/Books/Presentism	No source provided. Ages of wives (edit)
198	"Joseph was pursuing Helen" Mar Kimball.	Criticism of Mormonism/Books/Loaded and prejudicial language Joseph Smith and polygamy/Helen Mar Kimball	No source provided. Womanizing & romance (edit)
201	Helen's biographer concludes that she 'expected her marriage to Joseph Smith' to be a ceremony 'for eternity only,' not an actual marriage involving physical relations.	There is no evidence for physical relations in Helen's marriage to Joseph. The source cited, Compton, does not agree with the author's reading: “there is absolutely no evidence that there was any sexuality in the marriage, and I suggest that, following later practice in Utah, there may have been no sexuality. All the evidence points to this marriage as a primarily dynastic marriage.”[1] Gregory L. Smith, A review of Nauvoo Polygamy:...but we called it celestial marriage by George D. Smith. FARMS Review, Vol. 20, Issue 2. (Detailed book review) Joseph Smith and polygamy/Helen Mar Kimball	Todd Compton, In Sacred Loneliness: The Plural Wives of Joseph Smith (Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 1997), 500. ( Index of claims )
201	"How surprised she was to discover 'that it included [marriage for] time also": a physical union at age fourteen with a thirty-seven year-old man."	The author again distorts the source. The surprise was not in finding that she needed to have "a physical union," but that she was regarded as married, and so could not date others her age while Joseph was alive. Joseph Smith and polygamy/Helen Mar Kimball Gregory L. Smith, A review of Nauvoo Polygamy:...but we called it celestial marriage by George D. Smith. FARMS Review, Vol. 20, Issue 2. (Detailed book review)	Todd Compton, In Sacred Loneliness: The Plural Wives of Joseph Smith (Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 1997), 500. ( Index of claims )
201	"As she put her ambivalent feelings into verse in her "Reminiscences," Helen had "thought through this life my time will be my own," but "the step I am now taking's for eternity alone." She saw her "youthful friends grow shy and cold" as "poisonous darts from sland'rous tongues were hurled." She was "bar'd out from social scenes by this destiny," and faced "sad'nd mem'ries of sweet departed joys"	This poem in fact demonstrates the author's distortion. Her concern was indeed that she was "bar'd out from social scenes"—she could not date while married. This does not mean, however, that there were sexual relations, and the author's source agrees. In addition to hiding Compton's conclusion, the author does not tell us that his Kimball source likewise concluded that the marriage with Helen was “unconsummated.” Joseph Smith and polygamy/Helen Mar Kimball Gregory L. Smith, A review of Nauvoo Polygamy:...but we called it celestial marriage by George D. Smith. FARMS Review, Vol. 20, Issue 2. (Detailed book review)	Stanley B. Kimball, Heber C. Kimball: Mormon Patriarch and Pioneer (Ubana: University of Illinois Press, 1981): 109-110.
205	"That [Rhoda Richards] was her husband Brigham's cousin was apparently secondary to the grander scheme of interlocking the hierarchy in marriage."	Here the author again relies on presentism to provide a hostile interpretive lens. It was not unusual for first cousins to marry. Nineteen of the present-day states permit unrestricted marriage between first cousins, and most countries have no restrictions at all on marriage between cousins. In its exploitation of the presentist fallacy, the author’s remark is utterly irrelevant in its historical context. Criticism of Mormonism/Books/Presentism	No source provided.
214	"Even though Smith and Clayton spent three hours preparing the eloquent language" of D&C 132….	Presumes or implies that Joseph Smith and William Clayton were the author(s). Clayton would testify: "Joseph commenced to dictate the revelation on celestial marriage, and I wrote it, sentence by sentence, as he dictated. After the whole was written, Joseph asked me to read it through, slowly and carefully, which I did, and he pronounced it correct."[2] Criticism of Mormonism/Books/Loaded and prejudicial language	No source provided.
217	"Smith found it useful to reference the conditional restriction on marriage found in the Book of Mormon."	Implies that Joseph was acting out of pragmatism or opportunity, rather than out of sincere conviction. Criticism of Mormonism/Books/Loaded and prejudicial language	No source provided. Joseph Smith: cynical motivations (edit)
225-226	The author intends Joseph to be seen as arrogant. He quotes a letter from Joseph to James Arlington Bennet: “I combat the errors of ages; I meet the violence of mobs; I cope with illegal proceedings from executive authority; I cut the Gordian knot of powers, and I solve mathematical problems of universities, with truth . . . diamond truth; and God is my ‘right hand man.’” The author then editorializes: “With such a self-image, it is not surprising that he also aspired to the highest office in the land: the presidency of the United States.”	The author fails to tell us that Joseph's remarks are a tongue-in-cheek reply to Bennet's previous letter. Joseph Smith's narcissism	No source provided.
226	The author again quotes Joseph: "‘I am learned, and know more than all the world put together."	The author does not quote enough of Joseph's remarks to complete his thought. The author also avoids quoting the better versions of this talk, from the Times and Seasons, BYU Studies, or even Signature Books. Joseph Smith's narcissism Gregory L. Smith, A review of Nauvoo Polygamy:...but we called it celestial marriage by George D. Smith. FARMS Review, Vol. 20, Issue 2. (Detailed book review)	History of the Church 6:222–223.
227	"There is no reason to doubt that Smith's marriages involved sexual relations in most instances."	We have evidence of sexual relations for only nine wives. Gregory L. Smith, A review of Nauvoo Polygamy:...but we called it celestial marriage by George D. Smith. FARMS Review, Vol. 20, Issue 2. (Detailed book review)	No source provided.
227	"Mary Elizabeth Lightner spoke of 'three children' whom she said she 'knew he had.'"	Joseph Smith and polygamy/Children of polygamous marriages	The Life & Testimony of Mary Lightner (Salt Lake City: Kraut's Pioneer Press, n.d.); "Mary E. Lightner's Testimony, As Delivered at Brigham Young University)," [punctuation sic] Apr. 14, 1905, 41-42, complied by N.B. Lundwall, LDS Archives, at Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
228-229	"Until decisive DNA testing of possible Smith descendants—daughters as well as sons—from plural wives can be accomplished, ascertaining whether Smith fathered children with any of his plural wives remains hypothetical."	This is true, but the author fails to tell us that all those who have been definitively tested so far—Oliver Buell, Mosiah Hancock, Zebulon Jacobs, Moroni Pratt, and Orrison Smith—have been excluded. Would he have neglected, one wonders, to mention a positive DNA test? Joseph Smith and polygamy/Children of polygamous marriages Gregory L. Smith, A review of Nauvoo Polygamy:...but we called it celestial marriage by George D. Smith. FARMS Review, Vol. 20, Issue 2. (Detailed book review)	No source provided.
230	"In 1841, Sarah Pratt firmly rebuffed Smith and remained monogamously committed to her missionary husband."	The author here again follows Bennett completely uncritically. He tells us nothing about the multiple witnesses who testified to Sarah's adultery with Bennett. John C. Bennett	Bennett, History of the Saints, 228-31; "Workings of Mormonism Related by Mrs. Orson Pratt," 1884, LDS Archives.
231	"Cordelia C. Morley Cox….had rejected [Joseph's] amorous proposal."	The author again uses loaded language. There is little evidence that Joseph's proposals were romantic or amorous. Women who rejected plural marriage Criticism of Mormonism/Books/Mind reading	Cordelia Morley Cox, Autobiographical statement, Mar. 17, 1909, Perry Special Collections.
232	Eliza Winters “perhaps did not” resist Joseph’s advances “but apparently talked about it all the same.”	There is no evidence that Eliza ever said anything about this. Eliza Winters Gregory L. Smith, A review of Nauvoo Polygamy:...but we called it celestial marriage by George D. Smith. FARMS Review, Vol. 20, Issue 2. (Detailed book review)	No source provided. Eliza Winters (edit)
234	"According to LDS theology, the posthumous sealing meant that Heber would be Smith's son in the eternities, not the son of his biological father."	Heber was connected to Joseph because all believers had to be sealed into one large family. This was no attempt to displace Heber's biological father, but grew out of the recognition that his father had not been a believer, and so had not accepted essential ordinances. Later clarification under Wilford Woodruff encouraged believers to be sealed to their biological family, with the understanding that such matters would be sorted out through God's mercy and justice via proxy ordinances for the deceased. Vicarious ordinances	No source provided. Sealing takes away families? (edit)
235	[In 1831 Joseph] "directed missionaries to marry native American women."	Native Americans to become "white and delightsome" through polygamous marriage? Initiation of the practice Joseph did not direct them to marry the women. None did so. Joseph reported that God said that "It is my will, that in time, ye should take unto you wives of the Lamanites and Nephites…." (italics added). That this might entail plural marriage was only realized three years later when Joseph was asked about it. None of the missionaries in 1831 understood the plural marriage implication. Beginnings of plural marriage	No source provided. Early preoccupation with polygamy (edit)
236a	The author hints that Emma would have to sneak up on Joseph to check up on him, as evidenced by “his warning to Sarah Ann to proceed carefully in order to make sure Emma would not find them in their hiding place.”	Joseph’s hiding place from the mob and instructions to the Whitneys have been transmogrified into a hiding place for Joseph and Sarah Ann. Joseph Smith and polygamy/"Love letters" Use of sources—Letter to Whitneys Criticism of Mormonism/Books/Loaded and prejudicial language Criticism of Mormonism/Books/Mind reading Criticism of Mormonism/Books/Romance Gregory L. Smith, A review of Nauvoo Polygamy:...but we called it celestial marriage by George D. Smith. FARMS Review, Vol. 20, Issue 2. (Detailed book review)	No source provided. Whitney "love letter" (edit)
236b	G. D. Smith asks us to “assume . . . that LeRoi Snow’s account [about Emma and Eliza and the stairs] was accurate.”	Yet again, the author provides no hint that most researchers doubt this event. He does nothing to deal with his sources' objections here or elsewhere. Emma, Eliza, and the stairs	No source provided. Emma, Eliza & stairs (edit)
236c	"Just as Joseph sought comfort from Sarah Ann the day Emma departed from his hideout…."	The author's version of Sarah Ann is again trotted out. Joseph Smith and polygamy/"Love letters" Use of sources—Letter to Whitneys Criticism of Mormonism/Books/Loaded and prejudicial language Criticism of Mormonism/Books/Mind reading Criticism of Mormonism/Books/Romance Gregory L. Smith, A review of Nauvoo Polygamy:...but we called it celestial marriage by George D. Smith. FARMS Review, Vol. 20, Issue 2. (Detailed book review)	No source provided. Whitney "love letter" (edit)
237	Joseph's "insatiable addition of one woman after another to an invisible family…."	If Joseph was "insatiable," ("unable to be satisfied") how could he avoid entering into marriages for the last nine months of his life? Criticism of Mormonism/Books/Mind reading Criticism of Mormonism/Books/Loaded and prejudicial language	No source provided. Womanizing & romance (edit)
237	Joseph had a "prolonged dalliance with Fanny Alger."	Fanny Alger—affair or marriage? Criticism of Mormonism/Books/Loaded and prejudicial language Polygamy book/Initiation of the practice	No source provided. Ignoring Hancock autobiography (edit) Fanny Alger (edit) Womanizing & romance (edit)

Endnotes

1. [note]  Todd M. Compton, “Response to Tanners,” post to LDS Bookshelf mailing list (no date), <http://www.lds-mormon.com/compton.shtml> (accessed 2 December 2008). Compare with Smith, Nauvoo Polygamy, 198–202, 302, 362 and Compton, In Sacred Loneliness, 14.
2. [note]  See Smith, An Intimate Chronicle, 558; see also History of the Church 5:xxxii; citing William Clayton, affidavit, 16 February 1874, Salt Lake City, Utah; originally published in Andrew Jenson, "Plural Marriage," Historical Record 6 (May 1887): 224-226.

Further reading

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