FAIR is a non-profit organization dedicated to providing well-documented answers to criticisms of the doctrine, practice, and history of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
Difference between revisions of "Doctrine and Covenants/Textual changes/Adam and Michael conflated in Doctrine and Covenants 137"
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* The name "Michael" was deleted from Joseph Smith's vision of the Celestial Kingdom because Adam is Michael. Critics claim that the Church was trying to hide a "slip up" by Joseph Smith, who had identified Adam as Michael on multiple occasions in the past. | * The name "Michael" was deleted from Joseph Smith's vision of the Celestial Kingdom because Adam is Michael. Critics claim that the Church was trying to hide a "slip up" by Joseph Smith, who had identified Adam as Michael on multiple occasions in the past. | ||
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{{SeeAlso|Doctrine_and_Covenants/Direct_quotation_from_God|l1=Why would Joseph edit or "improve" God's words?}} | {{SeeAlso|Doctrine_and_Covenants/Direct_quotation_from_God|l1=Why would Joseph edit or "improve" God's words?}} | ||
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Joseph tended to dictate his writings and even personal letters. Despite being in his "journal," the text is not something he produced himself, but something that a new scribe and member recorded--with an apparent error. | Joseph tended to dictate his writings and even personal letters. Despite being in his "journal," the text is not something he produced himself, but something that a new scribe and member recorded--with an apparent error. | ||
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#{{note|fn.1}} Oliver Cowdery, Kirtland, OH, to John Whitmer, [Liberty, MO], 1 January 1834, in Cowdery, Letterbook, 15; Revelation, ca. August 1830, in Doctrine and Covenants 50:2, 1835 ed. [D&C 27:11]; Richards, “Pocket Companion,” 74–75; Robert B. Thompson, sermon notes, 5 October 1840, [Joseph Smith] Collection, [Church History Library]; Dean C. Jessee, Mark Ashurst-McGee, and Richard L. Jensen, eds., ''The Joseph Smith Papers, Journals, Volume 1: 1832–1839'' (Salt Lake City: The Church Historian’s Press, 2008), 167–68, n. 319. | #{{note|fn.1}} Oliver Cowdery, Kirtland, OH, to John Whitmer, [Liberty, MO], 1 January 1834, in Cowdery, Letterbook, 15; Revelation, ca. August 1830, in Doctrine and Covenants 50:2, 1835 ed. [D&C 27:11]; Richards, “Pocket Companion,” 74–75; Robert B. Thompson, sermon notes, 5 October 1840, [Joseph Smith] Collection, [Church History Library]; Dean C. Jessee, Mark Ashurst-McGee, and Richard L. Jensen, eds., ''The Joseph Smith Papers, Journals, Volume 1: 1832–1839'' (Salt Lake City: The Church Historian’s Press, 2008), 167–68, n. 319. | ||
#{{note|fn.1a}} ''Joseph Smith Papers, Journals, Vol. 1: 1832-1839'', 167–68. | #{{note|fn.1a}} ''Joseph Smith Papers, Journals, Vol. 1: 1832-1839'', 167–68. | ||
#{{note|fn.2}} Matthew B. Brown, FAIR Conference address on Adam, text September 2009, endnote #54. | #{{note|fn.2}} Matthew B. Brown, FAIR Conference address on Adam, text September 2009, endnote #54. | ||
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*{{tg|url=http://www.fairlds.org/apol/ai082.html|topic=Infallibility}} | *{{tg|url=http://www.fairlds.org/apol/ai082.html|topic=Infallibility}} | ||
*{{tg|url=http://www.fairlds.org/apol/ai258.html|topic=Personal beliefs of prophets}} | *{{tg|url=http://www.fairlds.org/apol/ai258.html|topic=Personal beliefs of prophets}} | ||
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Revision as of 02:38, 4 May 2010
==Contents
Questions
==
- The name "Michael" was deleted from Joseph Smith's vision of the Celestial Kingdom because Adam is Michael. Critics claim that the Church was trying to hide a "slip up" by Joseph Smith, who had identified Adam as Michael on multiple occasions in the past.
To see citations to the critical sources for these claims, click here
==Detailed Analysis
==
Matthew Brown noted that the original text of this revelation may help explain what happened:
- “[Warren] Parrish’s transcription of [Joseph Smith’s] vision [in Joseph Smith’s journal dated 21 January 1836] seems to differentiate Adam and the archangel Michael as two separate individuals. Yet [Joseph Smith] identified Michael as Adam at least a year earlier and made the same identification four years later.[1] The text recorded by Warren Parrish may provide a clue about its incorrect content. It reads: “I saw father Adam, and Abraham and Michael and my father and mother, my brother Alvin.”[2] The “Mi” of “Michael” and the word “my” that follows almost immediately after it have the exact same sound. The structures within the sentence are also identical (“and Mi . . . and my”). It seems, therefore, that Warren Parrish (a relatively recent convert [20 May 1833] and newly-assigned scribe for the Prophet [29 October 1835]) may have recorded a modified dittography based upon what he heard Joseph Smith say.[3]
Conclusions
Joseph tended to dictate his writings and even personal letters. Despite being in his "journal," the text is not something he produced himself, but something that a new scribe and member recorded--with an apparent error.
== Notes ==
- [note] Oliver Cowdery, Kirtland, OH, to John Whitmer, [Liberty, MO], 1 January 1834, in Cowdery, Letterbook, 15; Revelation, ca. August 1830, in Doctrine and Covenants 50:2, 1835 ed. [D&C 27:11]; Richards, “Pocket Companion,” 74–75; Robert B. Thompson, sermon notes, 5 October 1840, [Joseph Smith] Collection, [Church History Library]; Dean C. Jessee, Mark Ashurst-McGee, and Richard L. Jensen, eds., The Joseph Smith Papers, Journals, Volume 1: 1832–1839 (Salt Lake City: The Church Historian’s Press, 2008), 167–68, n. 319.
- [note] Joseph Smith Papers, Journals, Vol. 1: 1832-1839, 167–68.
- [note] Matthew B. Brown, FAIR Conference address on Adam, text September 2009, endnote #54.
Further reading
FairMormon Answers articles
FairMormon web site
- FairMormon Topical Guide: Infallibility FairMormon link
- FairMormon Topical Guide: Personal beliefs of prophets FairMormon link
| D&C FairMormon articles on-line |