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Difference between revisions of "Book of Mormon/Compass"
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:"Anything circular in shape, e.g. the globe, the horizon; also, a circlet or ring." | :"Anything circular in shape, e.g. the globe, the horizon; also, a circlet or ring." | ||
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| + | ===Suggested arly pre-Columbian compass=== | ||
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| + | If critics insist on reading this as a "mariner's compass," even this may not be as anachronistic as they have assumed. | ||
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| + | Non-LDS astronomer John Carlson reported finding a Olmec hematite artifact in Mesoamerica, which was radio-dated to 1600 to 1000 B.C. If Carlson is right, this usage "predates the Chinese discovery of the geomagnetic lodestone compass by more than a millennium."{{ref|mariner.1}} This remains the sole example of such a device; other researchers have suggested the metal is simply part of an ornament.{{ref|mariner.2}} Such examples demonstrate how a single find can radically alter what archaeology tells us is "impossible" with regard to the Book of Mormon text. | ||
==Conclusion== | ==Conclusion== | ||
Revision as of 19:50, 2 April 2010
Contents
Criticism
Critics charge that the description of the Liahona as a "compass" is anachronistic because the magnetic compass was not known in 600 B.C.
To see citations to the critical sources for these claims, click here
Response
Alma2 explained why the director the Lord gave to Lehi was called the Liahona:
- ...I have somewhat to say concerning the thing which our fathers call a ball, or director — or our fathers called it Liahona, which is, being interpreted, a compass; and the Lord prepared it (Alma 37:38).[1]
Believing it was called a compass because it pointed the direction for Lehi to travel is the fault of the modern reader, not the Book of Mormon.
- As a verb, the word "compass" occurs frequently in the King James Version of the Bible[2]; and it generally suggests the idea of surrounding or encircling something.
- In a few cases (e.g. Exodus 27:5; Proverbs 8:27; Isaiah 44:13) it is used as a noun, and suggests something which encircles another thing.
- A third common situation in the KJV is the use of the phrase "to fetch a compass" (e.g., Numbers 34:5; Joshua 15:3; Acts 28:13), which if not recognized as a verbal phrase could be wrongly seen as presenting "compass" as a noun.
In every case, it is clear that, at least in Jacobean England, the word was regularly treated as meaning either a round object, or something which moved in a curved fashion.
Further evidence of the archaic meaning of the word comes from a study of the rather lengthy listing for the word in the Oxford English Dictionary. It includes definition 5.b.:
- "Anything circular in shape, e.g. the globe, the horizon; also, a circlet or ring."
Suggested arly pre-Columbian compass
If critics insist on reading this as a "mariner's compass," even this may not be as anachronistic as they have assumed.
Non-LDS astronomer John Carlson reported finding a Olmec hematite artifact in Mesoamerica, which was radio-dated to 1600 to 1000 B.C. If Carlson is right, this usage "predates the Chinese discovery of the geomagnetic lodestone compass by more than a millennium."[3] This remains the sole example of such a device; other researchers have suggested the metal is simply part of an ornament.[4] Such examples demonstrate how a single find can radically alter what archaeology tells us is "impossible" with regard to the Book of Mormon text.
Conclusion
To use the word compass as a name for a round or curved object is well attested in both the King James Version of the Bible and the Oxford English Dictionary. The Book of Mormon refers to the Liahona as "a compass" not because it anachronistically pointed the way to travel, but because it was a perfectly round object.
Endnotes
- [note] The Liahona is called a compass in 1 Nephi 18:12, 21; 2 Nephi 5:12; and Alma 37:38, 43-44.
- [note] Biblical references to "compass" can be seen with this search of the lds.org scriptures web site.
Further reading
FAIR wiki articles
Book of Mormon/Compass
External links
- Robert L. Bunker, "The Design of the Liahona and the Purpose of the Second Spindle," Journal of Book of Mormon Studies 3/2 (1994). [1–11] link