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GregSmithBot (talk | contribs) m (Robot: Automated text replacement (-Source(s) of the criticism +{{Criticism source label English}}, -Source(s) of the Criticism +{{Criticism source label English}}, -==Criticism== +=={{Criticism label}}==, -==Response== +=={{Response label}}==, -==Qu) |
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− | ==Criticism== | + | =={{Criticism label}}== |
Critics claim that | Critics claim that | ||
* Jews or Israelites (like the Nephites) would not have used the language of their slave period — Egyptian — to write sacred records. | * Jews or Israelites (like the Nephites) would not have used the language of their slave period — Egyptian — to write sacred records. | ||
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{{CriticalSources}} | {{CriticalSources}} | ||
− | ==Response== | + | =={{Response label}}== |
{{SeeAlso|/Egyptian too bulky|l1=Egyptian would not be shorter than Hebrew on the plates}} | {{SeeAlso|/Egyptian too bulky|l1=Egyptian would not be shorter than Hebrew on the plates}} | ||
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* Proto-Sinaitic and the alphabet{{ref|hamblin1}} | * Proto-Sinaitic and the alphabet{{ref|hamblin1}} | ||
− | ==Conclusion== | + | =={{Conclusion label}}== |
There was a clear evolution of Egyptian script in the Old World, and these modified scripts were in use in Lehi's day. People of Lehi's time and place did use both Hebrew and Egyptian, just as Nephi claimed (See [http://scriptures.lds.org/1_ne/1/2#2 1 Nephi 1:2]). | There was a clear evolution of Egyptian script in the Old World, and these modified scripts were in use in Lehi's day. People of Lehi's time and place did use both Hebrew and Egyptian, just as Nephi claimed (See [http://scriptures.lds.org/1_ne/1/2#2 1 Nephi 1:2]). | ||
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Given that Moroni says the Nephites then modified the scripts further, "reformed Egyptian" is an elegant description of both the Old World phenomenon, and what Moroni says happened among the Nephites. | Given that Moroni says the Nephites then modified the scripts further, "reformed Egyptian" is an elegant description of both the Old World phenomenon, and what Moroni says happened among the Nephites. | ||
− | ==Endnotes== | + | =={{Endnotes label}}== |
# {{note|GeeTved1}} John Gee and John A. Tvedtnes, "Ancient Manuscripts Fit Book of Mormon Pattern," ''Insights'' 19:2 (February 1999): 4–5.{{link|url=http://farms.byu.edu/display.php?table=insights&id=58}} | # {{note|GeeTved1}} John Gee and John A. Tvedtnes, "Ancient Manuscripts Fit Book of Mormon Pattern," ''Insights'' 19:2 (February 1999): 4–5.{{link|url=http://farms.byu.edu/display.php?table=insights&id=58}} | ||
# {{note|TvedRicks1}} {{JBMS-5-2-7}} | # {{note|TvedRicks1}} {{JBMS-5-2-7}} | ||
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#{{JBMS-5-2-7}} <!-- Tvetdnes --> | #{{JBMS-5-2-7}} <!-- Tvetdnes --> | ||
− | ==Further reading== | + | =={{Further reading label}}== |
− | ===FAIR wiki articles=== | + | ==={{FAIR wiki articles label}}=== |
{{Book of Mormon anachronisms}} | {{Book of Mormon anachronisms}} | ||
− | ===FAIR web site=== | + | ==={{FAIR web site label}}=== |
*{{tg|url=http://www.fairlds.org/apol/ai091.html|topic=Reformed Egyptian}} | *{{tg|url=http://www.fairlds.org/apol/ai091.html|topic=Reformed Egyptian}} | ||
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{{Video:Stubbs:2006:A Few Hundred Hints}} | {{Video:Stubbs:2006:A Few Hundred Hints}} | ||
− | ===External links=== | + | ==={{External links label}}=== |
*Ariel Crowley, "The Anthon Transcript," ''Improvement Era'', 45:1 (January 1942) and 45:2 (February 1942), 45:3 (March 1942). [http://www.shields-research.org/Scriptures/BoM/Anthon_Transcript-Crowley/Anthon_Transcript-Crowley.htm *] | *Ariel Crowley, "The Anthon Transcript," ''Improvement Era'', 45:1 (January 1942) and 45:2 (February 1942), 45:3 (March 1942). [http://www.shields-research.org/Scriptures/BoM/Anthon_Transcript-Crowley/Anthon_Transcript-Crowley.htm *] | ||
*John Gee and John A. Tvedtnes, "Ancient Manuscripts Fit Book of Mormon Pattern," ''Insights'' 19:2 (February 1999): 4–5.{{link|url=http://farms.byu.edu/display.php?table=insights&id=58}} | *John Gee and John A. Tvedtnes, "Ancient Manuscripts Fit Book of Mormon Pattern," ''Insights'' 19:2 (February 1999): 4–5.{{link|url=http://farms.byu.edu/display.php?table=insights&id=58}} | ||
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* {{FR-15-1-11}} | * {{FR-15-1-11}} | ||
− | ===Printed material=== | + | ==={{Printed material label}}=== |
*Carl H. Jones, "The 'Anthon Transcript' and Two Mesoamerican Cylinder Seals," ''Newsletter and Proceedings of the Society for Early Historical Archaeology'' 122 (September 1970): 1–8. | *Carl H. Jones, "The 'Anthon Transcript' and Two Mesoamerican Cylinder Seals," ''Newsletter and Proceedings of the Society for Early Historical Archaeology'' 122 (September 1970): 1–8. | ||
*{{Nibley7_1|start=149}}{{GL1|url=http://gospelink.com/library/doc?doc_id=274530}} | *{{Nibley7_1|start=149}}{{GL1|url=http://gospelink.com/library/doc?doc_id=274530}} |
== Critics claim that
To see citations to the critical sources for these claims, [[../CriticalSources|click here]]
====
The claim that Israelites would not use Egyptian is clearly false. By the ninth to sixth centuries before Christ, Israelites used Egyptian numerals mingled with Hebrew text. The Papyrus Amherst 63 contains a text of Psalms 20:2-6 written in Aramaic (the language of Jesus) using Egyptian characters. This text was originally dated to the second century B.C., but this has since been extended to the 4th century B.C.[1]
Anti-Mormon authors Ankerberg and Weldon claim:
They are, however, spectacularly wrong, and "Mormonism" has explained why repeatedly:
Moroni makes it clear that "reformed Egyptian" is the name which the Nephites have given to a script based upon Egyptian characters, and modified over the course of a thousand years (See Mormon 9:32). So, it is no surprise that Egyptians or Jews have no script called "reformed Egyptian," as this was a Nephite term.
There are, however, several variant Egyptian scripts which are "reformed" or altered from their earlier form. Hugh Nibley and others have pointed out that the change from Egyptian hieroglyphics, to hieratic, to demotic is a good description of Egyptian being "reformed." By 600 BC, hieratic was used primarily for religious texts, while demotic was used for daily use.off-site
One can see how hieroglyphics developed into the more stylized hieratic, and this process continued with the demotic:
What could be a better term for this than an Egyptian script that has been "reformed"?
William Hamblin provides additional example of such reformation of Egyptian, including:
==
There was a clear evolution of Egyptian script in the Old World, and these modified scripts were in use in Lehi's day. People of Lehi's time and place did use both Hebrew and Egyptian, just as Nephi claimed (See 1 Nephi 1:2).
Given that Moroni says the Nephites then modified the scripts further, "reformed Egyptian" is an elegant description of both the Old World phenomenon, and what Moroni says happened among the Nephites.
== Notes ==
The best article(s) to read next on this topic is/are:
A Few Hundred Hints of Egyptian and Northwest Semitic in Uto-Aztecan, Brian Stubbs, 2006 FAIR Conference (YouTube Video) |
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