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29 And there was also '''written upon them a new writing, which was plain to be read, which did give us understanding concerning the ways of the Lord; and it was written and changed from time to time, according to the faith and diligence which we gave unto it.''' And thus we see that by small means the Lord can bring about great things. | 29 And there was also '''written upon them a new writing, which was plain to be read, which did give us understanding concerning the ways of the Lord; and it was written and changed from time to time, according to the faith and diligence which we gave unto it.''' And thus we see that by small means the Lord can bring about great things. | ||
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− | 30 And it came to pass that I, Nephi, did go forth up into the top of the mountain, according to the | + | 30 And it came to pass that I, Nephi, did go forth up into the top of the mountain, '''according to the directions which were given upon the ball'''. {{s|1|Nephi|16|29-30}} {{ea}} |
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It is claimed that the description of the Liahona as a "compass" is anachronistic because the magnetic compass was not known in 600 B.C.
To see citations to the critical sources for these claims, click here
To use the word compass as a name for a round or curved object is well attested in both the King James Version of the Bible and the Oxford English Dictionary. The Book of Mormon refers to the Liahona as "a compass" not because it anachronistically pointed the way to travel, but because it was a perfectly round object.
The Liahona was used to direct the travels of Lehi's party based upon writing that appeared upon the object. As Nephi put it, the "directions which were given upon the ball":
29 And there was also written upon them a new writing, which was plain to be read, which did give us understanding concerning the ways of the Lord; and it was written and changed from time to time, according to the faith and diligence which we gave unto it. And thus we see that by small means the Lord can bring about great things.
30 And it came to pass that I, Nephi, did go forth up into the top of the mountain, according to the directions which were given upon the ball. 1 Nephi 16꞉29-30 (emphasis added)
The Liahona was given by the Lord as a communications device for Lehi to determine the appropriate direction of travel. This device contained two pointers, only one of which was necessary to provide directional information. But the Liahona was more than just a simple compass in function, for it additionally required faith for correct operation. Since a single pointer always "points" in some direction, the additional pointer was necessary to indicate whether or not the first pointer could be relied upon. This proposed purpose for the second pointer conforms to a well-established engineering principle used in modern fault-tolerant computer systems called "voting," in which two identical process states are compared and declared correct if they are the same, and incorrect if they are different. Hence the second pointer, when coincident with the first, would indicate proper operation, and when orthogonal, would indicate nonoperation.
1 Nephi 16:10, 30
This object did give directions, however this object was referred as "a compass" because it was a perfectly round object.
Alma2 explained why the director the Lord gave to Lehi was called the Liahona:
Believing it was called a compass because it pointed the direction for Lehi to travel is a natural interpretation by the modern reader.
In every case, it is clear that, at least in Jacobean England, the word was regularly treated as meaning either a round object, or something which moved in a curved fashion.
Further evidence of the archaic meaning of the word comes from a study of the rather lengthy listing for the word in the Oxford English Dictionary. It includes definition 5.b.:
If critics insist on reading this as a "mariner's compass," even this may not be as anachronistic as they have assumed.
Naturally-occurring magnetic ore was being mined by the 7th century B.C., and its magnetic properties were first discussed by the early philosopher Thales of Miletos around 600 B.C.[4]
Non-LDS astronomer John Carlson reported finding a Olmec hematite artifact in Mesoamerica, which was radio-dated to 1600 to 1000 B.C. If Carlson is right, this usage "predates the Chinese discovery of the geomagnetic lodestone compass by more than a millennium."[5] Other researchers have suggested the metal is simply part of an ornament,[6] though Mesoamericanist Michael Coe has suggested the use of such ores as floating compasses.[7] Such examples demonstrate how a single find can radically alter what archaeology tells us is "impossible" with regard to the Book of Mormon text.
Notes
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