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− | ==Criticism==
| + | #REDIRECT [[Book of Mormon/B.H. Roberts and "Studies of the Book of Mormon"]] |
− | Critics charge that the 'problems' with the Book of Mormon made Brigham H. Roberts (an early LDS apologist and member of the First Quorum of Seventy) lose his faith in the its historicity. The primary source upon which this criticism is based originates with Roberts' manuscripts detailing his critical study of the Book of Mormon, which was published under the title [[B.H. Roberts and "Studies of the Book of Mormon"|''Studies of the Book of Mormon'']] years after his death.
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− | ===Source(s) of the Criticism===
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− | *{{CriticalWork:Abanes:Becoming Gods|pages=76, 368 n.143}}
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− | *{{CriticalWork:Abanes:One Nation|pages=75}}
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− | *{{CriticalWork:Ankerberg Weldon:Everything|pages=280, 301–3}}
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− | *John R. Farkas and David A. Reed, ''Mormonism: Changes, Contradictions, and Errors'' (Grand Rapids, Mich. : Baker Books, 1995), 222.
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− | *Joel B. Groat, "B. H. Roberts' Doubts," ''Heart and Mind: The Newsletter of Gospel Truths Ministries'' (January-March 1995): 5-6
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− | *Brigham D. Madsen, ed., ''B. H. Roberts: Studies of the Book of Mormon'' (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1985).
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− | *{{CriticalWork:Palmer:Insider|pages=40–42}}
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− | *George D. Smith, "'Is There Any Way to Escape These Difficulties?' The Book of Mormon Studies of B. H. Roberts," ''Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought'' 17:2 (Summer 1984): 94-111.
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− | *James R. Spencer, ''The Disappointment of B. H. Roberts: Five Questions That Forced a Mormon General Authority to Abandon the Book of Mormon'' (Boise, Idaho: Through the Maze, 1991).
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− | *{{CriticalWork:Tanner:Changing World|pages=126–8}}
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− | *{{CriticalWork:White:Letters|pages=140–142}}
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− | ==Response==
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− | It should be pointed out that even if Roberts ''had'' lost his testimony, this would represent nothing more than a personal tragedy for him. Truth is not determined by popular vote.
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− | Roberts was an able scholar, and he was not afraid to play 'devil's advocate' to strengthen the Church's defenses against its enemies. In a presentation on some potential Book of Mormon 'problems' prepared for the General Authorities, Roberts wrote a caution that subsequent critics have seen fit to ignore:
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− | :Let me say once and for all, so as to avoid what might otherwise call for repeated explanation, that what is herein set forth does not represent any conclusions of mine. This report [is] ... for the information of those who ought to know everything about it pro and con, as well that which has been produced against it as that which may be produced against it. I am taking the position that our faith is not only unshaken but unshakeable in the Book of Mormon, and therefore we can look without fear upon all that can be said against it.{{ref|fn1}}
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− | Roberts felt that faith in the Book of Mormon was a given, and so did not consider any 'negative' points to be of ultimate concern, though he did seek for better answers than he then had. The critics have often published his list of of [[Book of Mormon and View of the Hebrews|"parallels" between the ''Book of Mormon'' and Ethan Smith's ''View of the Hebrews'']], without informing modern readers that Roberts did not consider the problems insoluable, or a true threat to faith in the Book of Mormon. They also do not generally cite the numerous other statements in which, to the end of his life, he declared the Book of Mormon to be a divine record.
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− | Roberts' studies also made him willing to modify previous conceptions, such as when he concluded that the Book of Mormon was not a history of the only immigrants to the New World.
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− | In 1930, he enthused about the Book of Mormon a century after the Church's organization:
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− | :Hear, O heavens, and give ear, O earth, for God hath spoken. ... The Record of Joseph in the hands of Ephraim, the Book of Mormon, has been revealed and translated by the power of God, and supplies the world with a new witness for the Christ, and the truth and the fulness of the Gospel.{{ref|fn2}}
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− | ===Other witness of truth of the Church and the Gospel===
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− | The book ''Discourses of B.H. Roberts of the First Council of the Seventy'', compiled by Ben R. Roberts (Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret Book Company 1948) contains the the last seven discourses delivered by Elder Roberts: four in Salt Lake City, one in San Francisco (on the radio), and the last two at the World Fellowship of Faith in Chicago, in August-September 1933. He died three weeks after the last discourse. Roberts had returned from a lengthy illness, which made him realize how precious life is. He determined to leave his testimony, especially for the youth of the church.
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− | From the first of theses addresses:{{ref|roberts.first}}
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− | :It has always been a matter of pride with me, in my more than fifty years of ministry in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, that it was no trivial thing which called this Church of the New Dispensation into existence. It was not founded upon the idea that men differed in relation to how baptism should be administered, whether by sprinkling or pouring, or immersion; or whether it was for the remission of sins, or because sins had been forgiven. I always rejoice that it had a broader foundation than whether the form of church government and administration should be Episcopal or Congregational, or the Presbyterian form of government; or any other minor [23] difference of theologians. It went to the heart of things, and astonished the world, and at the same time, of course, aroused its opposition.
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− | :When the Prophet of the New Dispensation asked God for wisdom, and which of the many churches about him he should join, he was told to join none of them, for they were all wrong; their creeds were false; they drew near to the Lord with their lips, but their hearts were far removed from him; they had a form of godliness but denied the power thereof; that the Christian world, especially, had, in fulfilment of Isaiah’s prophecy, transgressed the laws, changed the ordinances, and had broken the everlasting covenant (Isaiah 44), of which the blood of the Christ was the blood of that everlasting covenant. He promised the incoming of a New Dispensation of the Gospel of Christ, which would link together and unite all former dispensations, from Adam down to the present time, the great stream of events speeding on towards an immense ocean of truth in which it would be united with all truth. It was a world movement. To lay the foundations of a greater faith, it brought forth the American volume of scripture, the Book of Mormon. In time the authority of God, the holy priesthood was restored, the minor phase of it, through John the Baptist; and later Peter, James and John, who held the keys of the kingdom of heaven, bestowed upon them by the Christ, appeared to the Prophet Joseph and Oliver Cowdery, and the divine and supreme authority from God was conferred upon them. By this authority and under the power of it they organized the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, outlined its doctrines, and established it firmly in the earth.
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− | :That is how the New Dispensation began—not whether baptism should be by immersion, or for the forgiveness of sins. The rubbish of accumulated ages was swept aside, the rocks made bare, and the foundations relaid” (22-23).
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− | [Roberts then refers to a statement in David Whitmer, ''To All Believers in Christ'', about the translation of the Book of Mormon being interrupted due to some problems between Joseph and Emma.]
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− | :He [Joseph] took up the divine instrument, the Urim and Thummim, tried to translated but utterly failed. Things remained dark to his vision. David Whitmer tells how Joseph left the translating room and [26] went to the woodslot on the Whitmer farm, and there corrected himself, brought himself into a state of humiliation and of exaltation at the same time. He went back to the house, became reconciled to Emma, his wife, came up to the translating room, and again the visions were given and the translation went on. But he could translate only as he was in a state of exaltation of mind and in accord with the Spirit of God, which leads to the source of hidden treasures of knowledge” (25-6).
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− | Roberts then refers to the Book of Moses in the Pearl of Great Price, which was revealed shortly after the Church was organized, in June 1830:
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− | :It goes further than we have come, this knowledge by faith. After the Prophet had translated the Book of Mormon he began to receive the revelations which today make up the Book of Moses, the translation of [27] which began to be published about six months after the Book of Mormon had been translated” (26-7).
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− | :I admire the achievements of the men of science and hold them in honor…. But what am I to think of the Prophet of God, who speaking a hundred years before him, and speaking by the knowledge that comes by faith, revealed the same truth—viz., that as one earth shall pass away, so shall another come, and there is no end to God’s work? This gives to the Church of the New Dispensation the right to voice her protest against a dying universe—its death blows to the immortality of man.
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− | :Oh, ye Elders of Israel, this is our mission, to withstand this theory of a dying universe and this destruction of the idea of the immortality and eternal life of man. We have this knowledge revealed of God, and it is for us to maintain the perpetuity of the universe and the immortal life of man. Such was the mission of the Christ, such is ours” (29).
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− | :I am one of the special witnesses of the Gospel of Jesus Christ, made so by the office I hold, and I want to begin a return to my ministry in this pulpit by exercising my duty as a special witness for the Lord Jesus Christ. Here it is: Jesus Christ is the very Son of God, the incarnation of all that is divine, the revelation of God to man, the Redeemer of the world; for as in Adam all die, so shall they in Christ be brought forth alive. Also Jesus is the Savior of individual man, through him and him alone comes repentance and [30] forgiveness of sins, through which the possibility of unity with God comes. As his witness I stand before you on this occasion to proclaim these truths concerning the Christ, not from scientific knowledge or book learning, but from the knowledge that comes by faith” (29-30)
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− | It is difficult to see these as the words of one who has lost his faith in the Church, the Book of Mormon, or Joseph Smith.
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− | ==Conclusion==
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− | An excellent argument against the claim that B.H. Roberts abandoned the Book of Mormon can be found in his last book, which he considered his masterwork. [B. H. Roberts, ''The Truth, the Way, the Life: An Elementary Treatise on Theology'', edited by John W. Welch (Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Studies, 1994).] Given Roberts' clear respect for the Book of Mormon in this volume, there can be little doubt that he continued to believe in and treasure it.
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− | Ironically for the critics, many of the issues which drew Elder Roberts' attention have now been solved as more information about the ancient world has become available. He expressed faith that this would be the case, and has been vindicated:
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− | :We who accept [the Book of Mormon] as a revelation from God have every reason to believe that it will endure every test; and the more thoroughly it is investigated, the greater shall be its ultimate triumph.{{ref|fn3}}
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− | ==Endnotes==
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− | #{{note|fn1}} B. H. Roberts to the First Presidency and the Quorum of the Twelve, March 1923.
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− | #{{note|fn2}}{{CR1|author=Brigham H. Roberts|date=April 1930|start=47}}
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− | #{{note|roberts.first}} B. H. Roberts, “Protest Against the Science-Thought of a ‘Dying Universe’ and no Immortality for Man: The Mission of the Church of the New Dispensation,” delivered SLC Tabernacle, Sunday, 23 January 1932; reproduced in ''Discourses of B.H. Roberts of the First Council of the Seventy'', compiled by Ben R. Roberts (Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret Book Company 1948), 11–30.
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− | #{{note|fn3}}{{IE|author=B. H. Roberts|article=The Translation of the Book of Mormon|num=9|date=April 1906|start=435|end=436}}
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− | ==Further reading==
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− | ===FAIR wiki articles===
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− | *[[BH Roberts | Brigham H. (BH) Roberts]]
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− | *[[Book of Mormon and View of the Hebrews]]
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− | ===FAIR web site===
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− | *{{tg|url=http://www.fairlds.org/apol/ai281.html|topic=Brigham H. Roberts / B.H. Roberts}}
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− | ===External links===
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− | *{{JBMS-8-2-8}} <!--Bitton-->
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− | * {{BYUS|author=Truman G. Madsen|article=B. H. Roberts and the Book of Mormon|vol=19|num=4|date=Summer 1979|start=427|end=445}}{{link|url=http://byustudies.byu.edu/Products/MoreInfoPage/MoreInfo.aspx?Type=7&ProdID=1634}}
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− | * {{Ensign1|author=Truman G. Madsen|article=B. H. Roberts after Fifty Years: Still Witnessing for the Book of Mormon|date=December 1983|start=11}}{{link|url=http://beta.lds.org/portal/site/LDSOrg/menuitem.b12f9d18fae655bb69095bd3e44916a0/?vgnextoid=2354fccf2b7db010VgnVCM1000004d82620aRCRD&locale=0&sourceId=c30805481ae6b010VgnVCM1000004d82620a____&hideNav=1}}
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− | *{{FR-9-1-13}}<!--Peterson-->
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− | *{{Ensign1|author=John W. Welch|article=B. H. Roberts: Seeker After Truth|date=March 1986|start=56,Q&A on “Study of the Book of Mormon” and other points}}{{link|url=http://beta.lds.org/portal/site/LDSOrg/menuitem.b12f9d18fae655bb69095bd3e44916a0/?vgnextoid=2354fccf2b7db010VgnVCM1000004d82620aRCRD&locale=0&sourceId=102aef960417b010VgnVCM1000004d82620a____&hideNav=1}}
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− | ===Printed material===
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− | *Anonymous, ''A Sure Foundation: Answers to Difficult Gospel Questions'' (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1988), 60-74.
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− | *{{newlight| author=Truman G. Madsen|article=B. H. Roberts and the Book of Mormon|start=7|end=31}}
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− | *Truman G. Madsen, ed., "B. H. Roberts: His Final Decade: Statements About the Book of Mormon (1924-1933)" (Provo, Utah: FARMS, n. d.).
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− | *Truman G. Madsen and John W. Welch, "Did B. H. Roberts Lose Faith in the Book of Mormon?" (Provo, Utah: FARMS, 1985).
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− | *John W. Welch, "Finding Answers to B. H. Roberts's Questions," (Provo, Utah: FARMS, 1985).
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− | *{{Reexploring |author=John W. Welch|article=No Sir, That's Not History|start=88 | end=90}}{{GL1|url=http://gospelink.com/library/doc?doc_id=296816}}
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